Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
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Air Gasification Characteristics of Unused Woody Biomass in a Lab-scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier

미이용 산림바이오매스 및 폐목재의 기포 유동층 Air 가스화 특성 연구

  • Han, Si Woo (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Seo, Myung Won (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Park, Sung Jin (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Son, Seong Hye (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Yoon, Sang Jun (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Ra, Ho Won (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Mun, Tae-Young (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Moon, Ji Hong (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Yoon, Sung Min (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Kim, Jae Ho (Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research) ;
  • Lee, Uen Do (Thermochemical Energy System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology) ;
  • Jeong, Su Hwa (Thermochemical Energy System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology) ;
  • Yang, Chang Won (Thermochemical Energy System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology) ;
  • Rhee, Young Woo (Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University)
  • 한시우 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 서명원 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 박성진 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 손성혜 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 윤상준 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 라호원 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 문태영 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 문지홍 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 윤성민 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 김재호 (한국에너지기술연구원 청정연료연구실) ;
  • 이은도 (한국생산기술연구원 고온에너지시스템그룹) ;
  • 정수화 (한국생산기술연구원 고온에너지시스템그룹) ;
  • 양창원 (한국생산기술연구원 고온에너지시스템그룹) ;
  • 이영우 (충남대학교 에너지과학기술대학원)
  • Received : 2019.10.27
  • Accepted : 2019.11.13
  • Published : 2019.12.01
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Abstract

In this study, the gasification characteristics of four types of unused woody biomass and one waste wood in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (Diameter: 0.11 m, Height: 0.42 m) were investigated. Effect of equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.15-0.3 and gas velocity of $2.5-5U_0/U_{mf}$ are determined at the constant temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ and fuel feeding rate of 1 kg/h. The silica sand particle having an average particle size of $287{\mu}m$ and olivine with an average particle size of $500{\mu}m$ were used as the bed material, respectively. The average product gas composition of samples is as follows; $H_2$ 3-4 vol.%, CO 15-16 vol.%, $CH_4$ 4 vol.% and $CO_2$ 18-19 vol.% with a lower heating value (LHV) of $1193-1301kcal/Nm^3$ and higher heating value (HHV) of $1262-1377kcal/Nm^3$. In addition, it was found that olivine reduced most of C2 components and increased $H_2$ content compared to silica sand, resulting in cracking reaction of tar. The non-condensable tar decreases by 72% ($1.24{\rightarrow}0.35g/Nm^3$) and the condensable tar decreases by 27% ($4.4{\rightarrow}3.2g/Nm^3$).

본 연구에서는, Lab-scale 기포 유동층 가스화기(직경 : 0.11 m, 높이 : 0.42 m)에서 미이용 산림 바이오매스 4종과 폐목재 1종의 가스화 특성을 살펴보았다. 실험은 온도와 연료 주입량을 각각 $800^{\circ}C$, 1 kg/h로 고정하고, ER 0.15-0.3, 가스 유속 $2.5-5U_0/U_{mf}$으로 변화시키면서 진행했다. 층 물질로는 silica sand와 olivine을 사용하였다. 생성 가스의 조성은 NDIR 분석기와 GC를 통해 분석하였으며, 분석 결과 평균적으로 $H_2$ 3~4 vol%, CO 15~16 vol%, $CH_4$ 4 vol%, $CO_2$ 18~19 vol.%으로 미이용 산림바이오매스와 폐목재 모두 비슷한 조성을 보였으며, 생성 가스의 평균 저위발열량은 $1193{\sim}1301kcal/Nm^3$을, 고위발열량은 $1262{\sim}1377kcal/Nm^3$을 나타내었다. 또한, 타르 저감 효과를 알아보고자 층 물질로 olivine을 사용 시 silica sand에 비해 생성 가스 내 C2 이상 성분이 대부분 감소하였고, $H_2$ 함량이 증가하여 타르의 cracking 반응이 생겼음을 확인하였다. 비응축성 타르는 72% ($1.24{\rightarrow}0.35g/Nm^3$), 응축성 타르는 27% ($4.4{\rightarrow}3.2g/Nm^3$) 가량 감소하는 효과를 확인하였다.

Keywords

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