Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Key Success Factors of Agricultural Cooperative Federation: A Comparative Study of High Performers and Low Performers

농협조직의 핵심성공요인: 고성과 지역농협과 저성과 지역농협의 비교연구

  • Park, Kyoungmi (Dept. of Cooperative Management, Agricultural Cooperative University) ;
  • Hwang, Jaewon (Dept. of Business Administration, Korea National University of Transportation)
  • 박경미 (농협대학교 협동조합경영과) ;
  • 황재원 (한국교통대학교 경영학과)
  • Received : 2019.05.31
  • Accepted : 2019.08.02
  • Published : 2019.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify key success factors of the Agricultural Cooperative Federation. We classified the divisions of regional agricultural cooperatives into high performers and low performers to investigate differences in environmental stability, resource capacity, resource flexibility, differentiation strategy, and low-cost strategies between high and low performers. Empirical analyses revealed that high performers are superior to low performers in resource capacity, resource flexibility, differentiation, and low-cost, but there was no difference in environmental stability between high performers and low performers. Internal factors including resource and strategy attributes affect business performance, but external factors such as environmental attributes do not. Moreover, resource flexibility generates the broadest gap between high performers and low performers. These results indicate that resource flexibility is the key factor leading to success of organizations with greater competitors because it enables them to overcome their disadvantageous competitive position in size and resources through complete exploitation of resources across divergent business areas owing to its flexibility. Our contribution is that we draw the key success factors of the Agricultural Cooperative Federation through an empirical approach.

본 연구는 농협조직의 핵심성공요인을 도출하기 위해 지역농협의 사업부들을 대상으로 상대적으로 성과가 높은 사업부와 상대적으로 성과가 낮은 사업부로 분류한 후, 이들 간에 환경의 안정성, 자원의 보유량, 자원의 유연성, 차별화 전략, 저원가 전략의 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 분석결과에 따르면 고성과 사업부는 저성과 사업부에 비해 자원의 보유량, 자원의 유연성, 차별화 전략의 추구정도, 저원가 전략의 추구정도에 있어 우위를 가지는 것으로 확인되었으나, 환경의 안정성은 고성과 사업부와 저성과 사업부 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 자원속성 및 전략속성으로 대표되는 조직의 내적요인이 핵심성공요인으로서 경영성과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 반면, 환경속성으로 대표되는 조직의 외적요인은 핵심성공요인으로 작용하기에는 한계가 있다는 결론에 도달하였다. 특히 고성과 사업부와 저성과 사업부 간에 가장 큰 차이를 발생시키는 요인은 자원의 유연성으로서, 경쟁자에 비해 자원과 규모 면에서 불리한 위치에서 경쟁하는 경우에는 다양한 영역에서 활용될 수 있는 유연한 자원의 확보가 핵심적인 성공요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 실증분석에 근거하여 농협조직의 핵심성공요인을 도출했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

Keywords

References

  1. D. R. Daniel, "Management information crisis," Harvard Business Review, Vol.39, No.5, pp. 111-116, 1961.
  2. J. Rockart, "Chief executives define their own data needs," Harvard Business Review, March, pp.81-92, 1979.
  3. A. Bruno, J. Leidecker, "Identifying and using critical success factors," Long Range Planning, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 23-32, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(84)90163-8
  4. C. Ellegard, K. Grunert, "The concept of key success factors: theory and method," In: Baker, M. (Ed.), Perspectives on Marketing Management, Chichester: Wiley, pp.245-274, 1993.
  5. E. Arce, D. Flynn, "A case tool to support critical success factors analysis in IT planning and requirements determination," Information and Software Technology, 39, pp.311-321, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(96)01150-0
  6. J. B. Barney, "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage," Journal of Management, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 99-120,1991. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  7. J. B. Barney, W. S. Hesterly, Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
  8. G. G. Dess, D. W. Beard, "Dimensions of organizational task environment," Administrative Science Quarterly, march, pp.52-73, 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393080
  9. E. T. Penrose, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, NewYork, NY: Wiley, 1959.
  10. B. Wernerfelt, "A resource-based view of the firm," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, No.2, pp. 171-180, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
  11. S. Ghoshal, N. Nohria, "Internal differentiation within multinational corporations," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.10, No.4, pp.323-337, 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100403
  12. A. A. Thompson, A. J. Strickland, Strategic Management, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
  13. C. K. Prahalad, G. Hamel, "The core competence of the organization," Harvard Business Review, May-Jun, pp.79-93, 1990.
  14. J. Hwang, K. Park, "The determinants of resource sharing between subsidiaries: an integrated approach to corporate-level and business-level researches," Journal of Strategic Management, Vol.11, No.3, pp.1-25, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17786/jsm.2008.11.3.001
  15. H. I. Ansoff, Corporate Strategy, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1965.
  16. V. Govindarajan, "Decentralization, strategy, and effectiveness of strategic business units in multibusiness organizations," Academy of Management Review, Vol.11, No.4, pp.844-856, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4284099
  17. R. E. Miles, C. C. Snow, Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1978.
  18. M. E. Porter, Competitive Strategy, New York, NY: Free Press, 1980.
  19. B. J. Avolio, F. J. Yammarino, B. M. Bass, "Identifying common methods variance with data collected from a single source: An unresolved sticky issue," Journal of Management, Vol.17, No.3, pp. 571-587, 1991. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700303
  20. P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. Mackenzie, J. Y. Lee, "Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.88, No.5, pp.879-903, 2003. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  21. D. Miller, "Relating Porter's business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.31, No.2, pp.280-308, 1988. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256549
  22. D. Miller, C. Droge, "Psychological and traditional dimensions of structure," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.31, No.4, pp.539-560, 1986. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392963
  23. D. Miller, P. H. Friesen, "Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.3, No.1, pp.3-27, 1982. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250030102
  24. P. R. Nayyar, "On the measurement of competitive strategy: Evidence from a large multiproduct U.S. firm," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.36, No.6, pp.1652-1669, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256825
  25. S. I. Chae, Kim, J. Y, Research Methodology in Social Science, Seoul, KR: B&M Books, 2016.
  26. V. Govindarajan, J. Fisher, "Strategy, control systems, and resource sharing: Effect on business-unit performance," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.33, No.2, pp.259-285, 1990. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256325
  27. J. R. Galbraith, Designing Complex Organizations, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1973.
  28. P. N. Khandwalla, The Design of Organizations, New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace, & Jovanovich., 1977.
  29. R. F. Vanci, Decentralization: Managerial Ambiguity by Design, New York, NY: Financial Executives Research Foundation, 1980.
  30. K. H. Kwon, K. W. Jung, "Historical Background of Strategic Management and Academic Development," In: Lee, H.-C. et al. (Eds.), Paradigm Shift in the 21st Century Management Theories, Seoul, KR: Wisdom House, pp.520-581, 2008.
  31. J. W. Hwang, "Synergy implementation costs: impediments to inter-SBU collaboration," Korean Journal of Business Administration, Vol.23. No.6, pp.2763-2773, 2010.
  32. J. W. Hwang, K. M Park, "Impacts of Resource Attributes on Resource Sharing: An Approach from Resource-based View," Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol.15, No.10, pp.6004-6013, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.10.6004
  33. C. A. Montgomery, "Product-market diversification and market Power," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.28, No.4, pp.789-798, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256237
  34. B. Wernerfelt, C. A. Montgomery, "What is an attractive industry?," Management Science, Vol.32, No.10, pp.1223-1230, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.10.1223
  35. M. E. Porter, "The contribution of industrial organization to strategic management," Academy of Management Review, 6(4), pp.609-620, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/257639