Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Influence on the Movement of Fish by the Installation of Structures in Mountain Streams: Focused on Chinese Minnow

산지계류에 설치된 계상구조물이 어류의 이동에 미치는 영향: 버들치를 중심으로

  • Ma, Ho-Seop (Division of Forest Environment Science, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture Life Science)) ;
  • Park, Jae-Hyeon (Department of Forest Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology)
  • 마호섭 (경상대학교 환경산림과학부(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 박재현 (경남과학기술대학교 산림자원학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.16
  • Accepted : 2019.03.26
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

The movement of fish to the upper and the lower parts of a mountain stream was investigated based on the installation of specific types of structures within the stream. The results indicated that as the flow rate increases after a rain, the height of the drop in an open-type structure, such as a concrete box, is decreased so that the floating fishes, such as the Chinese minnow fish, move relatively easily from the upper to the lower parts and from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In contrast, the fishes released from an upper point of a wall-type structure with <1 m, such as rocks drop works and stone masonry for stream-grade stabilization, were trapped in the lower part of the stream and, even after the rainy season, it was difficult for the fish to move from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In particular, the barrier-type structures ${\geq}3m$ limit the movement of fish, even when there are few drainage holes at the lower end of the dam, and there is no space for the fishes to communicate with each other, even when the flow rate is high; therefore, although the fish are active, they are restricted to move according to the type and characteristics of the structures. When installing structures in a mountain stream, the height of the structure must be low enough to allow the fish to communicate with each other or an open-type structure must be installed. The fish habitat and water conditions within the stream must be considered when designing the type and height of the in-stream structures.

산지계류에서 다양한 계상공작물의 설치에 따른 어류의 상부 및 하부로의 이동상태를 조사하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 콘크리트 박스공과 같은 개방형 구조물의 경우 강우의 영향으로 유량이 늘어나는 시기에는 낙차의 높이가 줄어드는 효과가 발생하여 버들치와 같은 유영성 어류들은 상부에서 하류로의 이동과 하부에서 상부로 소상하는데 비교적 양호하였다. 또한, 1 m 미만의 돌낙차공, 돌바닥막이 등 횡단 계상구조물은 상부에서 방사한 버들치의 개체가 하부에서 재 포획되어 구조물 상부에서 하부로의 이동은 가능하였으나, 유량이 많은 장마 직후에도 하부에서 상부로의 소상은 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 3 m 이상의 사방댐 등 횡단 사방공작물도 댐의 하단부에 물빼기 구멍의 수가 적거나 어류를 위한 소통 공간이 없는 경우는 유량이 많아도 버들치의 이동에 제한을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 버들치는 활발하게 행동은 하지만 계상구조물의 유형 및 구조적인 특성에 따라 이동에 제한을 받고 있다. 산지 계류에서 구조물을 설치할 때에는 구조물의 종류, 높이 및 어류서식 상태와 평소 계류에 물이 있는 지를 고려하여 어류가 소통할 수 있도록 가능한 높이를 낮추거나 개방형의 구조물을 적절하게 설치할 필요성이 있다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. The location map of study area.

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Figure 2. The cluster of chinese minnow in valley in study area.

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Figure 3. The view of structures in study area.

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Figure 4. Investigation point and location of continues erosion control structures.

Table 1. Label method of chinese minnow in Erosion Control Structures.

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Table 2. The move status by capture of chinese minnow in rock drops structures.

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Table 3. The move status by capture of chinese minnow in concrete box structures.

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Table 4. The move status by capture of chinese minnow in erosion control dam.

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Table 5. The move status by capture of chinese minnow in erosion control dam of continues type

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