Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Playground Land Covers on the Human Thermal Sensation

운동장 포장재료가 인간 열환경에 미치는 영향

  • Hyun, Cheolji (Horticultural Science, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • Jo, Sangman (Horticultural Science, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • Park, Sookuk (Horticultural Science, College of Applied Life Sciences.Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Animal Biotechnology.SARI, Jeju National University)
  • 현철지 (제주대학교 생명자원과학대학 생물산업학부 원예학과 대학원) ;
  • 조상만 (제주대학교 생명자원과학대학 생물산업학부 원예학과 대학원) ;
  • 박수국 (제주대학교 생명자원과학대학 생물산업학부 원예환경전공.아열대농업생명과학연구소.친환경농업연구소)
  • Received : 2019.04.16
  • Accepted : 2019.05.09
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of various pavement materials (artificial grass, natural grass, and clay sand) on the human thermal environment, the microclimate data in early autumn (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and shortwave and longwave radiation) were measured and compared on each surface. The mean air temperature, humidity and wind speed of the pavement materials did not differ significantly and showed the greatest difference in the mean radiant temperature. Natural grass, which has the highest albedo, has the highest amount of shortwave radiation. The artificial turf had the highest surface temperature and the highest amount of longwave radiation. In the human thermal environment index PET, artificial grass > clay sand > natural grass. Natural grass had a maximum 2/3 level lower and a mean 1/2 level lower in PET as compared to artificial grass. The clay sand pavement had a maximum 2/3 level lower and a mean 1/3 level lower than the artificial grass. Natural grass had a maximum 1/3 level lower than the clay sand pavement. Their UTCIs showed smaller differences than the PETs. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully choose materials from the planning stage when designing outdoor spaces, including playgrounds.

다양한 운동장 포장재료(인조잔디, 천연잔디, 마사토)가 인간 열 환경에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 초 가을철 미기후자료(기온, 습도, 풍속, 태양 및 지구복사에너지)를 측정하여 비교분석하여 보았다. 그 결과, 포장재료에 따른 기온, 습도, 풍속은 평균적으로 차이가 크지 않았으며, 평균복사온도에서 가장 큰 차이를 보여주었다. 태양복사에너지에서는 태양복사에너지 반사율(알베도)이 가장 높았던 천연잔디에서, 지구복사에너지에서는 지표면 온도가 가장 높았던 인조잔디에서 가장 높은 복사에너지를 인체에 보내는 것으로 나타났다. 인간 열환경지수 PET에서는 인조잔디>마사토>천연잔디 순으로 나타났으며, 천연잔디포장이 인조잔디포장보다 최대 2/3 단계 평균적으로 1/2 단계 낮은 열환경을, 마사토 포장은 인조잔디포장보다 최대 2/3 단계 평균적으로 1/3 단계 낮은 열환경을 조성할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 천연잔디포장은 마사토 포장에 비해 최대 1/3 단계 낮은 열환경을 조성할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. UTCI에서는 PET보다 더 작은 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 운동장을 포함한 옥외공간 설계 시 계획단계에서부터 재료 선정에 신중을 기하여야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Brode, P., D. Fiala, K. Blazejczyk, I. Holmer, G. Jendritzky, B. Kampmann, B. Tinz and G. Havenith(2012) Deriving the operational procedure for the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). International Journal of Biometeorology 56: 481-494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0454-1
  2. Chudnovsky, A., E. Ben-Dor and H. Saaroni(2004) Diurnal thermal behavior of selected urban objects using remote sensing measurements. Energy and Building 36: 1063-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.052
  3. Doulos, L., M. Santamouris and I. Livada(2004) Passive cooling of outdoor urban spaces. The role of materials. Solar Energy 77(2): 231-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.005
  4. Egerhazi, L. A., A. Kovacs and J. Unger(2013) Application of microclimate modelling and onsite survey in planning practice related to an urban micro-enviroment. Advances in Meteorology 2013, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251586.
  5. Fanger, P. O.(1972) Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hioo, New York.
  6. Gal, T., M. Rzepa, B. Gromek and J. Unger(2007) Comparison between sky view factor values computed by two different methods in an urban environment, ACTA Climatologica et Chrologica, Universitatis Szegediensis, Tomus 40-41: 17-26.
  7. Han, S., N. Ryu and J. Kang(2006) Thermal environment characteristics of permeable block pavements for landscape construction. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 34(2): 18-25.
  8. Hoppe, P.(1999) The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment. International Journal of Biometeorology 43: 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004840050118
  9. Jo, S.(2017) Analysis of the Influence of Street Trees and Single Trees on Human Thermal Sensation in Summer. Master Thesis, Jeju National University.
  10. Joo, C., Y. Yoon, B. Park and T. Kim(2008) The influence of land cover types on thermal comfort in urban openspace. Journal of Korean Society for People, Plants and Environment 11(3): 59-65.
  11. Korea Landscape Architecture Newspaper(2011) http://www.latimes.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=10956
  12. Lee, C. and N. Ryu(2010) The influence of landscape pavements on the WBGT of outdoor spaces without ventilation or shade at summer midday. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 38(2): 1-8.
  13. Lim, J., H. Yu, J. Lee and K. Lee(2015) Comparison of thermal effects of different school ground surface materials. Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies 18(2): 28-44. https://doi.org/10.11108/kagis.2015.18.2.028
  14. Matzarakis, A., F. Rutz and H. Mayer(2010) Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments: Basics of the RayMan model. International Journal of Biometeorology 54(2): 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-009-0261-0
  15. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism(2014) https://www.mcst.go.kr/web/s_notice/press/pressView.jsp?pSeq=13977
  16. National Law Information Center(2009) http://yeslaw.com/lims/front/page/fulltext.html?pAct=view&pPromulgationNo=180006
  17. Park, S.(2011) Human-Urban Radiation Exchange Simulation Model. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Victoria. Victoria. B.C., Canada.
  18. Park, S.(2013) A way for creating human bioclimatic maps using human thermal sensation (comfort) and applying the maps to urban and landscape planning and design. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 41(1): 21-33. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2013.41.1.021
  19. Yoon, Y., S. Park, W. Kim and H. Kim(2014) Analyses on comparison of UTCI, PMV, WBGT between playground and green space in school. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 28(1): 80-89. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2014.28.1.80