Fig. 1. Schematics on near-surface circulation superimposed with bottom topography in the East Sea (Park et al., 2013). Here, rectangles, triangles, pentagrams and circles denote CTD stations for cruises conducted in Jun. 2015, Nov. 2015, Apr. 2016 and May 2017, respectively. The red and blue arrows represent the schematic paths of the warm and cold currents. The abbreviations are JB: Japan Basin, SPF: Subpolar Front, YR: Yamato Rise, YB: Yamato Basin, UB: Ulleung Basing (UB), UI: Ulleung Island (UI), and DI: Dok Island.
Fig. 4. Areas (red and blue shaded) and movements (arrows) of (a) 16 anticyclonic and (b) 11 cyclonic eddy groups, defined based on (c) trajectories and (d) activation locations of 1,008 eddies in total. Numbers labeled in each area are the same as in Tables 3 and 4. In (a) and (b), locations of individual eddy formation and areas of corresponding eddy groups are shown with dots and shades. The vector arrows in (a) and (b) denote mean direction and distance of eddy movement over the lifetime. In (a)-(d), the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies are shown in red and blue, respectively.
Fig. 2. (a-d) ADT in cm derieved from Satellite Altimetry (SA, red) and CTD measurements (blue) along the in-situ observational lines, and cross-sectional structures of (e-h) water temperature (white contours, and the white thick lines denotes bottom of thermostad in each period) and APE in J m-3 (color), and (i-l) geostrophic current in m s-1 across the observation lines for (a, e, i) Jun. 2015, (b, f, j) Nov. 2015, (c, g, k) Apr. 2016, and (d, h, l) May 2017. Here, the eddy centers and eddy boundaries at the observational lines are denoted by the solid and dashed vertical lines, respectively. The CTD stations are marked in (e-l) with red vertical lines. Contour intervals in (e-h) and (i-l) are 1 °C and 0.1 m/s, respectively.
Fig. 3. (a, b) Rose diagrams and (c, d) all lifetime trajectories of (a, c) anticyclonic and (b, d) cyclonic eddies. The length of each fan radius in rose diagrams means the number of eddies propagating to corresponding direction. In (a) and (b), the ratio of eddies propagating to each quadrant is shown in percentage. In (c) and (d), the origin corresponds to the location of eddy formation.
Table 1. Amplitude H (cm) and APE (TJ) of anticyclonic eddies observed at Ulleung Basin in Jun. 2015, Nov. 2015, Apr. 2016, and May 2017
Table 2. Mean life time (L, day), amplitude (H, cm), radius (R, km), intensity (EI, cm2/s2/km2) , ellipticity (e), APE (TJ), EKE (TJ), propagation direction (d) and distance (D, km) of total, anticyclonic eddies and cyclonic eddies identified from 1993 to 2017 (Numbers inside brackets denote the number of identified eddies)
Table 3. Same as Table 2 but for each anticyclonic group
Table 4. Same as Table 3 but for each cyclonic group
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