Fig. 1. (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of Ptloaded CdSnO3 thin film (P1, 1 vol%, 5 min), (b) sensing response of P1 sample to 4 ppm of 2-CEES, CEPS, and DMMP at 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 ℃, and (c) sensing mechanism of P1 sample in 2-CEES environment. (Reprinted with permission from [13]. Copyright 2011 Elsevier); (d) TEM image of Ru-loaded CdSnO3 thin film (R3, 5 vol%, 15 min), and (e) sensing response of R3 sample to 4 ppm of 2-CEES, DMMP, and CEPS at 250, 300, 350, and 400 ℃. (Reprinted with permission from [14]. Copyright 2014 Elsevier).
Fig. 2. (a) TEM image of 1 at% Al-doped ZnO NPs, (b) selectivity of the 1 at% Al-doped ZnO NPs to other gases (10 ppm of NO, CO, and NH3) at 250 ℃, (c) sensing responses of 1 at% doped ZnO NPs (Co, Cu, Mn, and Al) at 500 ℃, (d) and (e) X-ray photoelectron spectra (deconvoluted O 1s spectra) of un-doped and 1 at% Al-doped ZnO NPs. (Reprinted with permission from [16]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier.)
Fig. 3. (a) Sensing performance of ZnO-based QDs sensors, (b) schematic diagram of a mini-GC system, and (c) selectivity of AZO QD sensor integrated with a packed column to air, 10 ppm of 2-CEES, and three different mixtures of gases at 430 ℃. (Reprinted with permission from [17]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier.)
Fig. 4. (a) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of SnO2 nanowires and (b) sensing performance of SnO2 nanowires for various gas concentrations of DMMP, acetonitrile, and ethanol at 500 ℃. (Reprinted with permission from [9]. Copyright 2009 Elsevier); (c) SEM image of Mo5Sb1·Ni2(I) and (d) sensing performance of Mo5Sb1·Ni2(I) at 250, 300, 350, and 400 ℃. ((c) and (d): Reprinted with permission from [10]. Copyright 2009 Elsevier); (e) low- and high-resolution (inset) field-emission SEM images of 1 wt% SnO2-decorated carbon nanofibers (CNF) and (f) sensing responses of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt% of ZnO/SnO2-decorated CNF under sequential exposure to various concentrations of DMMP at room temperature. (Reprinted with permission from [19]. Copyright 2011 ACS Publications.)
Fig. 5. Reactional mechanism proposed for (a) thermal degradation of DMMP in the temperature range of 300 to 600 ℃, (b) reaction between SnO2 and DMMP, and (c) reaction between methylphosphonic acid and SnO2. (Reprinted with permission from [23]. Copyright 2006 Elsevier.)
Fig. 6. (a) Sensing response of SnO2 nanowires (black) and SnO2 rheotaxial growth and thermal oxidation (RGTO) sensors (grey) to consequential exposure to (b) 25 ppm of EtOH and 0.2 ppm of DMMP. Operational temperatures were set to 500 ℃ and 400 ℃ for SnO2 nanowire and SnO2 RGTO, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from [9]. Copyright 2009 Elsevier.)
Fig. 7. Response of undoped ZnO NP and Al-doped ZnO NP sensors for 10 ppm of DMMP. (Reprinted with permission from [29]. Copyright 2015 Elsevier.)
Table 1. Comparison of bare, Pt-, and Ru-loaded CdSnO3 sensors (Reprinted with permission from [14]. Copyright 2014 Elsevier).
Table 2. Sensing performance of MOS gas sensors for the detection of DMMP
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