Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Inhibitory effects of thromboxane A2 generation by ginsenoside Ro due to attenuation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 phosphorylation and arachidonic acid release

  • Shin, Jung-Hae (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University) ;
  • Kwon, Hyuk-Woo (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University) ;
  • Rhee, Man Hee (Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Hwa-Jin (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University)
  • Received : 2017.09.20
  • Accepted : 2017.12.12
  • Published : 2019.04.15
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Abstract

Background: Thromboxane A2 ($TXA_2$) induces platelet aggregation and promotes thrombus formation. Although ginsenoside Ro (G-Ro) from Panax ginseng is known to exhibit a $Ca^{2+}-antagonistic$ antiplatelet effect, whether it inhibits $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_{2{\alpha}}$) activity to prevent the release of arachidonic acid (AA), a $TXA_2$ precursor, is unknown. In this study, we attempted to identify the mechanism underlying G-Ro-mediated $TXA_2$ inhibition. Methods: We investigated whether G-Ro attenuates $TXA_2$ production and its associated molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), $TXA_2$ synthase (TXAS), $cPLA_{2{\alpha}}$, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and AA. To assay COX-1 and TXAS, we used microsomal fraction of platelets. Results: G-Ro reduced $TXA_2$ production by inhibiting AA release. It acted by decreasing the phosphorylation of $cPLA_{2{\alpha}}$, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase1, rather than by inhibiting COX-1 and TXAS in thrombin-activated human platelets. Conclusion: G-Ro inhibits AA release to attenuate $TXA_2$ production, which may counteract $TXA_2-associated$ thrombosis.

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References

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