Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기물자원화)

Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association (유기성자원학회)
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Assessment of an Optimum Biochar Application Rate for Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivation

토마토 재배를 위한 바이오차 최적시용 비율 평가

  • Park, Do-Gyun (Department of Climate Change and Agro-ecology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Hong, Seung-Gil (Division for KOPIA, Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jang, Eunsuk (Department of Climate Change and Agro-ecology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Shin, Joung-Du (Department of Climate Change and Agro-ecology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences)
  • 박도균 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 홍승길 (농촌진흥청 기술협력국 국외농업기술과) ;
  • 장은숙 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 신중두 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과)
  • Received : 2019.03.05
  • Accepted : 2019.03.20
  • Published : 2019.03.30
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Abstract

Objective of this study was to evaluate an optimum biochar application rate and estimate the carbon sequestration based on the soil chemical properties and growth responses for biochar application during tomatoes cultivation. The treatments consisted of control as recommended application rates of fertilizers, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, and 0.07% of biochar application(w/w, biochar:soil). For effects of soil chemical properties, the $NO_3-N$contents in the soil were peaked at 9 days after transplanting. But there was not significant difference(p>0.05) among the treatments during cultivation periods. However, $NH_4-N$ contents in the biochar treatment were lower than the control until 14 days of transplanting. $P_2O_5$ contents in the biochar treatments were lower than that of the control until 19 days after transplanting except 0.01% of biochar application plot. $K_2O$ contents in soils treated with 0.01% and 0.03% of biochar were higher until 6 days after transplanting than that in the control. For N use efficiency of biochar application, it was observed that the 0.05% biochar application plot was highest among the treatments. The highest carbon sequestration was estimated at $2.83mg\;kg^{-1}$ for 0.03% of biochar application. However, it is considered that the optimum biochar application rate was 0.05% for tomato cultivation, considering the growth characteristics and yield components.

본 연구의 목적은 원예작물을 대상으로 밭에서 바이오차 시용에 따른 토마토 재배 시 바이오차의 적정 시용비율을 구명하고, 탄소 격리량을 산정하는 것이다. 바이오차는 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05% 및 0.07%(w/w, 토양/바이오차)로 구분하여 처리하였으며, 비료는 N-P-K, 20.4-10.3-12.2kg $10a^{-1}$를 기비와 추비로 나누어 시용하였고, 돈분퇴비는 $440kg\;10a^{-1}$를 기준으로 전량 기비로 투입하였다. 토양 이화학성의 결과를 보면 토양중의 $NO_3-N$함량은 바이오차 처리 9일 후 가장 높게 나타났지만 처리간 유의성은 없었지만(p>0.05) NH4-N 함량은 바이오차 처리 후 14일 후 바이오차 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다. 토양중의 $P_2O_5$ 함량은 바이오차 처리 후 19일 후 0.01%를 제외한 바이오차 처리구에서 낮게 나타났다. 토양 중 $K_2O$ 함량은 바이오차 처리 후 6일 때 대조구와 비교하였을 때 0.01%와 0.03%가 높게 났다. 하지만 다른 처리구와 비교 하였을 때 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 질소 효율성을 보면 0.05%에서 가장 높았으며, 또한 토마토 생육도 바이오차 처리량에 관계없이 좋았다. 바이오차 0.05% 시용구에서 질소 효율성 및 토마토 생육과 수량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 바이오차 투입량 변화에 따른 탄소 격리량 산정에서는 0.03% 처리에서 $2.83mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 가장 높게 나타났지만, 토마토 수량 측면에서 바이오차 적정 시용비율은 0.05%라고 판단된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Changes in temperature and irrigation amounts during tomato cultivation in the greenhouse over time.

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Fig. 2. Changes of NO3-N contents in the soil incorporated with different ratios of biochar during tomato cultivation.

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Fig. 3. Changes of NH4-N contents in the soil incorporated with different ratios of biochar during tomato cultivation.

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Fig. 4. Changes of P2O5 contents in the soil incorporated with different ratios of biochar during tomato cultivation.

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Fig. 5. Changes of K2O contents in the soil incorporated with different ratios of biochar during tomato cultivation.

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Fig. 6. Comparisons of tomato yield with different ratios of biochar application.

Table 1. Physiochemical Properties of Soil Used in this Study

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Table 2. Estimation of the Nitrogen Use Efficiency with Different Ratios of Biochar Application

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Table 3. Estimation of the Efficiency Rates for Carbon Use with Different Ratios of Biochar Application

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