An Analysis of the Outflow reduction effect of Bio-retention in Small watershed during Short-term rainfall

단기 강우 시 소규모유역에서 생태저류지의 유출 저감효과 분석

Abstract

Low Impact Development(LID) techniques has been attracting attention as a countermeasure to solve frequent flood damage in urban areas. LID is a techniques for returning to the natural hydrological cycle system by infiltrating the runoff from the impervious surface into the soil. The Bio-retention, one of the LID element technology has outflow reduction effect by reserving and infiltrating storm water runoff from watersheds. Recently, a number of studies have been carried out as interest in the reduction of storm water runoff and non-point pollutants in Bio-retention has increased. However, quantitative analysis on the outflow reduction of Bio-retention applied to small watershed is insufficient. In this study, Bio-retention model was constructed in a small watershed using K-LIDM which is capable of hydrologic analysis. When the storage capacity was increased or dividing the Bio-retention and watershed, the outflow reduction effect was 20% according to the storage capacity increase and 5~15% in the distributed Bio-retention system. The results of this analysis will be used as the basic data of future Bio-retention research related to watershed characteristics, vegetation type and soil condition.

도시 내 빈번히 발생하는 홍수 피해를 해결하기 위한 대응 방안으로 자연상태의 수문순환 체계를 회복하기 위한 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID) 기법이 대두되고 있다. LID 요소기술 중 하나인 생태저류지는 유역에서 발생하는 유출수를 저류 및 침투하여 우수 유출수 및 비점오염물질 저감효과를 갖는 시설로 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있으나, 유출저감효과에 대한 분석은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수문 해석이 가능한 K-LIDM을 이용하여 소규모유역에서 생태저류지의 유출 저감효과를 분석하였다. 시나리오를 구성함에 있어 생태저류지의 저류용량을 증가시키거나 유역과 생태저류지를 분할하였고 확률강우량을 활용하여 단기강우를 모의하였다. 분석결과 저류용량 증가에 따라 20%, 분산형 시스템에서 5~15% 이상의 유출 저감효과를 나타냈으며 향후 생태저류지의 저류깊이, 지반의 침투능 및 유출부의 직경과 높이 등 다양한 시나리오에 대한 연구가 수행된다면 생태저류지의 물순환 효율성에 관하여 보다 정량적인 분석이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

Fig. 1. Bio-retention in Korea GI & LID Center

Fig. 2. Inflow and Outflow

Fig. 3. Change of outflow-frequency

Fig. 4. Operation of K-LIDM

Fig. 5. Graphs of observation and simulation

Fig. 6. Diagram of two scenarios

Fig. 8. Process of outflow reduction in distributed Bio-retention system

Fig. 7. Outflow hydrographs according to Bio-retention scenarios (BR)

Fig. 9. Outflow hydrographs according to Bio-retention scenarios (DBR)

Table 1. The results in evaluation of model

Table 2. Bio-retention system Case

Table 3. Peak flow(m³/s) and Time to Peak(min) of Increasing Bio-retention Storage

Table 4. Peak flow(m³/s) and Reduction rate(%) of Distributed Bio-retention System