Fig. 1. Dynamic Virtual Keyboard of Jeonbuk and Woori Bank
Fig. 2. Dynamic Virtual Keyboard of Kookmin Bank
Fig. 3. Dynamic Virtual Keyboard of Citi and Kookmin Banking App
Fig. 4. Possibility Difference for Each Key Pair
Fig. 5. Dynamic Virtual Keyboards without/with a Mole Key
Table 1. Characteristics of Banking Apps
Table 2. Positions of Blanks (s(b)=1)
Table 3. Possibility for Each Position of L0 and L1
Table 4. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for and L0 and L1 (s(b)=1)[7]
Table 5. Possibilities of Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L2 (s(b)=1)[7]
Table 6. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L3 (s(b)=1)
Table 7. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L0 and L1 (s(b)=1/2)
Table 8. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L2 (s(b)=1/2)
Table 9. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L3 (s(b)=1/2)
Table 10. Possibilities to Identify Input Keys
Table 11. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L0 and L1 with Restricted Blank Positions
Table 12. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L2 with Restricted Blank Positions
Table 13. Possibilities of Candidate Keys for L3with Restricted Blank Positions
Table 14. Countermeasures Against Vulnerabilities
References
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