DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Red Ginseng Extract on the Inflammatory Response of LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 cell

홍삼추출물이 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 cell의 염증반응에 미치는 효과

  • Jang, Young-Ah (Daegu Haany University, Faculty of Bio Industry Department of Cosmeceutical) ;
  • Kim, Han-Na (Mokwon University, College of Science & Technology, Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics) ;
  • Kim, Bo-Ae (Mokwon University, College of Science & Technology, Division of Biomedicinal & Cosmetics)
  • 장영아 (대구한의대학교 바이오산업융합학부 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 김한나 (목원대학교 생의약화장품학부 화장품전공) ;
  • 김보애 (목원대학교 생의약화장품학부 화장품전공)
  • Received : 2019.12.04
  • Accepted : 2019.12.28
  • Published : 2019.12.30

Abstract

We conducted this study to investigate anti-inflammatory possibilities of applying cosmetic material about extracts from red ginseng. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-inflammatory by using extracts of red ginseng. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the samples in macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells), MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of red ginseng extracts and the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins and genes. The inhibitory activity of nitric oxide in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells was 71.2% at 25 ㎍/ml concentration and western blot analysis showed that the expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that extracts from red ginseng may have value as the potential cosmetic materials.

본 연구는 홍삼추출물의 화장품소재로서의 항염증 효과의 가능성을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 홍삼 추출물을 사용하여 항염증에 대한 생물학적 활성평가를 수행하였다. 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 시료의 항염증 효과를 평가하기 위해 MTT assay를 이용한 홍삼 추출물의 독성평가와 nitric oxide 생성 저해 활성 및 염증관련 단백질 및 유전자의 발현량을 확인하였다. LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포 내에서 시료의 nitric oxide 저해활성은 25 ㎍/ml에서 71.2 %의 우수한 효능을 나타내었으며, western blot 시험결과 iNOS, COX-2 단백질의 발현은 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 것으로 확인하였다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 홍삼추출물이 항염 효과를 가진 화장품 소재로서의 가치를 제안할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Wlaschek M, Tantcheva-Poor I, Naderi L, Ma W, Schneider LA, Razi-Wolf Z, Schuller J, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. "Solar UV irradiation and dermal photoaging", J Photo chem Photobiol B, Vol.63, No.1-3 pp. 41-51, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00201-9
  2. J. S. Chen, C. Wei, M. R. "Marshall. Inhibition mechanism of Kojic acid on polyphenol oxidase", J. Agric. Food Chem., Vol.39, No.11 pp. 1897-1901, (1991). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00011a001
  3. K. Urabe, P. Aroca, K. Tsukamoto, D. Mascagna, A. Paulumbo, G. Prota H. Vincent J. "The inherent cytotoxicity of melanin precursors", Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Vol.1221, No.3 pp. 272-278, (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(94)90250-X
  4. H. S. Lee and M. S. Shin, "Antimicrobial effects of Luffa cylindrica extract against 4 skin microorganisms", J. Kor. Soc. Cosm., Vol.21, No.3, pp. 471-476, (2015).
  5. H. Jung, Master's Thesis Dissertation, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul, Korea, (2011).
  6. T. J. Guzik, R. Korbut, and T. Adamekguzik, "Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation", J. Physiol. Pharmacol., Vol.54, No.4 pp. 469-487, (2003).
  7. M. J. Kim, K. R. Im, K. S. Yoon. "Anti-inflammatory effects of prescription extracts containing Forsythia viridissima", L., J. Soc. Cosmet. Sci. Korea, Vol.35, No.4 pp. 277-285, (2009).
  8. J. Frostegard, A. K. Ulfgren, P. Nyberg, U. Hedin, J. Swedenborg, U. Andersson, G. K. Hansson. "Cytokine expression in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: dominance of pro-inflammatory (Th1) and macrophage-stimulating cytokines", Atherosclerosis, Vol.145, No.1, pp. 33-43, (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00011-8
  9. D. Hwang, B. C. Jang, G. Yu, and B. Mary, "Expression of mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase induced by lipopolysaccharide", Biochem. Pharmacol, Vol.54, No.1 pp. 87-96 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00154-8
  10. J. Y. Kim, K. S. Jung, and H. G. Jeong, "Suppressive effects of the kaweol and cafestol on cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophases", FEBS Lett, Vol.569, No. 1-3, pp. 321-326, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.070
  11. J. H. Ryu, H. Ahn, J. Y. Kim, and Y. K. Kim, "Inhibitory activity of plant extracts on nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophage", Phytother. Res, Vol.17, No.5 pp. 485-486, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1180
  12. M. M. Mu, D. Chakravortty, T. Sugiyama, N. Koide, K. Takahashi, I. Mori, T. Yoshida, and T. Yokochi, "The inhibitory action of quercetin on lipopolysaccharide- induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells", J. Endotoxin. Res, Vo.7, No.6 pp. 431-438, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1177/09680519010070060601
  13. J. L. Masferrer, B. S. Zweifel, P. T. Manning, S. D. Hauser, K. M. Leahy, W. G. Smith, P. C. Isakson, K. Seibert. "Selective inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 in vivo is antiinflammatory and nonulcerogenic", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., Vol.91, No.8 pp. 3228-3232, (1994). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.8.3228
  14. N. MaCartney-Francis, J. B. Allen, J. E. Albina, Q. W. Xie, C. F. Nathan, S. M. Wahl. "Suppression of arthritis by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase", J. Exp. Med., Vol.178, No.2 pp. 749-754, (1993). https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.178.2.749
  15. K. Y. Nam, "The comparative understanding between red ginseng and white ginsengs, processed ginsengs (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)", J. Ginseng Res. Vol. 29, No.1 pp. 1-18, (2005). https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.1.001
  16. B. X. Wang, J. C. Cui, A. J. Liu, S. K. Wu. "Studies on the anti-fatigue effect of the saponins of stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (SSLG)", J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Vol.3, No.2 pp 89-94, (1983).
  17. H. Saito, Y. Yoshida, K. Takagi. "Effect of Panax ginseng root on exhaustive exercise in mice", Jpn. J. Pharmacol. Vol.24, No.1 pp. 119-127, (1974). https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.24.119
  18. A. S. Attele, J. A. Wu, C. S. Yuan. "Ginseng pharmacology: Multiple constituents and multiple actions", Biochem. Pharmacol. Vol.58, No.11 pp. 1685-1693, (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
  19. B. Kenarova, H. Neychev, C, Hadjiivanova, V. D. Petkov VD. "Immunomodulating activity of ginsenoside Rg1 from Panax ginseng", Jpn. J. Phamacol. Vol.54, No.4 pp. 447-454, (1990).
  20. K. S. Im, H. Y. Chung, S. H. Park, N. K. Je. "Anticancer effect of the hydrolyzed monogluco-ginsenoside of total saponin from ginseng leaf", Korean J. Ginseng Sci. Vo.19, No.3 pp. 291-294, (1995).
  21. T. Mosmann, "Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays", J Immunol Methods Vol.65, No.1-2 pp. 55-63, (1983). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
  22. L. C. Green, D. A. Wagner, J. Glogowski, P .L. Skipper, J. S. Wishnok, S. R. "Tannenbaum. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids", Anal Biochem Vol.126, No.1, 131-138, (1982). https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X
  23. J. L. Masferrer, B. S. Zweifel, P. T. Manning, S. D. Hauser, K. M. Leahy, W. G. Smith, P. C. Isakson, K. Seibert, "Selective inhibition of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 in vivo is antiinflammatory and nonulcerogenic", J. Proc Natl Acad Sci, Vol.91, No.8 pp. 3228-3232, (1994). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.8.3228
  24. M. S. Nanes, "Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$: molecular and cellular mechanisms in skeletal pathology", Gene, Vo.321 pp. 1-15, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00841-2
  25. J. H Nam, J. T. Seo, Y. H. Kim, et al., "Inhibitory Effects of Extracts from Arabis glabra on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 Production in RAW264.7 Macrophages", Korean Journal of Plant Resources, Vol.28, No.5 pp. 568-573, (2015). https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.5.568
  26. H. A. Lee, E. K. Koh, J. E. Sung, et al., "Ethyl acetate extract from Asparagus cochinchinensis exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by regulating COX-2/iNOS, inflammatory cytokine expression, MAP kinase pathways, the cell cycle and anti-oxidant activity", Molecular Medicine Reports, Vol.15, No.4 pp. 1613-1623, (2017). https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6166
  27. N. Ding, C. Mao, Z. Cai, Meihu Ma, "Anti-inflammatory effect of preserved egg with simulated gastrointestinal digestion on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells", Poultry Science, Vol.98, No.10 pp. 4401-4407, (2019). https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez243
  28. B. H. Han, Y. J. Lee, J. J. Yoon, E. S. Choi, et al., "Hwangryunhaedoktang exerts anti-inflammation on LPS-induced NO production by suppressing MAPK and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in RAW264.7 macrophages", Journal of Integrative Medicine. Vol.15, No.4 pp. 236-336, (2017).