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Microstructural analysis of the single crystalline AlN and the effect of the annealing on the crystalline quality

단결정 AlN의 미세구조 분석 및 어닐링 공정이 결정성에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Jeoung Woon (Div. of Materials Engineering & Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Bae, Si-Young (Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Energy & Environment Division) ;
  • Jeong, Seong-Min (Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Energy & Environment Division) ;
  • Kang, Seung-Min (International Graduate School of Design Convergence, Hanseo University) ;
  • Kang, Sung (Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Analysis and Assessment Group) ;
  • Kim, Cheol-Jin (Research Institute of Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National Univ.)
  • 김정운 (경상대학교, 나노신소재융합공학과) ;
  • 배시영 (한국세라믹기술원 에너지환경소재본부) ;
  • 정성민 (한국세라믹기술원 에너지환경소재본부) ;
  • 강승민 (한서대학교, 국제디자인융합전문대학원) ;
  • 강성 ((재)포항산업과학연구원, 분석평가그룹) ;
  • 김철진 (경상대학교, 그린에너지융합연구소)
  • Received : 2018.06.26
  • Accepted : 2018.07.12
  • Published : 2018.08.31

Abstract

PVT (Physical Vapor Transport) method has advantages in producing high quality, large scale wafers where many researches are being carried out to commercialize nitride semiconductors. However, complex process variables cause various defects when it had non-equilibrium growth conditions. Annealing process after crystal growth has been widely used to enhance the crystallinity. It is important to set appropriate temperature, pressure, and annealing time to improve crystallinity effectively. In this study, the effect of the annealing conditions on the crystalline structure variation of the AlN single crystal grown by PVT method was investigated with synchrotron whitebeam X-ray topography, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and Rietveld refinement. X-ray topography analysis showed secondary phases, sub-grains, impurities including carbon inclusion in the single crystal before annealing. EBSD analyses identified that sub-grains with slightly tilted basal plane appeared and the overall number of grains increased after the annealing process. Rietveld refinement showed that the stress caused by the temperature gradient during the annealing process between top and bottom in the hot zone not only causes distortion of grains but also changes the lattice constant.

PVT(Physical vapor transport)법은 고품질의 대면적 웨이퍼를 생산하기에 이점을 가져 질화물계 반도체의 상용화를 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있는 단결정 성장 방법이다. 하지만 복잡한 공정 변수들로 인하여 비평형적인 성장 조건을 갖게 될 경우 수많은 결함들이 발생하게 된다. 결정성장 후 어닐링 공정은 결정성 개선을 위해 널리 사용된다. 효과적인 결정성 개선을 위해서는 적절한 온도, 압력과 시간을 설정하는 게 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 PVT법으로 성장된 AlN 단결정 및 어닐링 조건에 따른 단결정의 결정 미세구조 변화를 X-ray topography, Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD), Rietveld refinement를 통해 분석하였다. Synchrotron Whitebeam X-ray topography 분석 결과 어닐링을 진행하지 않은 단결정에 2차상 및 sub grain, impurity가 존재하였으며 이로 인해 결정성이 저하되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. EBSD 결과 어닐링을 진행한 시편의 경우 결정립수가 증가함과 동시에 basal plane의 뒤틀림이 일어나는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Rietveld refinement 결과 일부 격자들이 a, b, c축 방향으로 응력을 받아 변형된 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 어닐링 과정 중 hot zone 내의 상하 온도구배에 의해 발생한 응력으로 결정립 방향의 뒤틀림이 일어날 뿐만 아니라 격자 상수가 달라진 것으로 분석된다.

Keywords

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