The Journal of Engineering Geology (지질공학)

The Korean Society of Engineering Geology (대한지질공학회)
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3-dimensional Modeling and Mining Analysis for Open-pit Limestone Mine Stope Using a Rotary-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

회전익 무인항공기를 이용한 노천석회석광산 채굴장 3차원 모델링 및 채굴량 분석

  • Kang, Seong-Seung (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Lee, Geon-Ju (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Noh, Jeongdu (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chosun University) ;
  • Jang, Hyeongdoo (Western Australian School of Mine, Curtin University) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Myung (Department of Environmental and Energy Resources Engineering, Shinhan University) ;
  • Ko, Chin-Surk (Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Chosun University)
  • 강성승 (조선대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 이건주 (조선대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 노정두 (조선대학교 에너지자원공학과) ;
  • 장형두 (커튼대학교 서호주광산대학) ;
  • 김선명 (신한대학교 에너지환경공학과) ;
  • 고진석 (조선대학교 에너지자원공학과)
  • Received : 2018.11.28
  • Accepted : 2018.12.21
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to show the possibility of 3-dimensional modeling of open-pit limestone mine by using a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle, a drone, and to estimate the amount of mining before and after mining of limestone by explosive blasting. Analysis of the image duplication of the mine has shown that it is possible to achieve high image quality. Analysis of each axis error at the shooting position after analyzing the distortions through camera calibration was shown the allowable range. As a result of estimating the amount of mining before and after explosive blasting, it was possible to estimate the amount of mining of a wide range quickly and accurately in a relatively short time. In conclusion, it is considered that the drone of a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle can be usefully used for the monitoring of open-pit limestone mines and the estimation of the amount of mining. Furthermore, it is expected that this method will be utilized for periodic monitoring of construction sites and road slopes as well as open-pit mines in the future.

이 연구는 회전익 무인항공기인 드론을 활용하여 노천석회석광산 채굴장에 대한 3차원 모델링과 화약발파에 의한 석회석 채굴 전후의 채굴량 산정 가능성을 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 촬영된 채굴장의 영상에 대한 중복도를 분석한 결과 높은 화질의 구현이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 카메라 캘리브레이션을 통해 왜곡도를 보정한 후 촬영 위치에서 각 축 방향 오차를 분석한 결과 허용 가능 범위를 보였다. 화약발파 전후 채굴량을 산정한 결과 넓은 범위의 채굴량을 비교적 짧은 시간에 빠르고 정확하게 산정 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 노천석회석광산의 채굴장 모니터링과 채굴량 산정에 있어 회전익 무인항공기 드론이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 이 방법은 향후 노천광산뿐만 아니라 건설 현장이나 도로사면 등의 주기적인 모니터링에 적극 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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Fig. 10. Results of 3-dimensional image analysis on the location M-1, (a) image duplication, (b) camera error, and (c) GCP error.

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Fig. 1. Geological map of study area (Ministry of construction and transportation, 2003). Qa: alluvium, Jb: micrographie granite, Jg: biotite granite, Kh: diorite, Kiv: andesite porphyry Ka: rhyolite, Kav: rhyolitic tuff, Kan: andesite, Ka: sedimentary rocks, Pg: gneiss.

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Fig. 2. Open-pit limestone mine located at Goheung area.

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Fig. 3. A rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle of Inspire 1 made by DJI.

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Fig. 4. Examples of camera lens qualification using PhotoScan program developed by Agisoft.

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Fig. 5. Examples of radial and tangential distortion by qualification of camera lens.

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Fig. 6. Ground control points (GCP) of (a) 1st, (b) 2nd, (c) 3rd, and (d) GPS for measuring the coordinates of latitude, longitude, and altitude.

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Fig. 7. (a) lateral and (b) longitudinal pathways of a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle.

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Fig. 8. 3-dimensional modeling Process using PhotoScan program developed by Agisoft.

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Fig. 9. Examples of estimation of the amount of mining from digital terrain model (DTM), (a) before mining and (b) after mining.

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Fig. 11. Results of 3-dimensional image analysis on the location M-2, (a) image duplication, (b) camera error, and (c) GCP error.

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Fig. 12. Results of 3-dimensional image analysis on the location M-3, (a) image duplication, (b) camera error, and (c) GCP error.

Table 1. Characteristics of camera

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Table 2. Characteristics of gimbal

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Table 3. Results of 3-dimensional image analysis of camera and ground control point (GCP) errors

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