Convergence and integration study related to development of digital contents for radiography training using dental radiograph and augmented reality

치과방사선사진과 증강현실을 활용한 방사선촬영법 숙련용 디지털 콘텐츠 개발에 대한 융복합 연구

Abstract

This study aims to develop digital techniques that enable repeated practice of dental radiography using augmented reality technology. A three-dimensional object was fabricated by superimposing a photograph of an adult model and a computed tomography image of a manikin phantom. The system was structured using 106 radiographs such that one of these saved radiographs is opened when the user attempts to take a radiograph on a mobile device. This system enabled users to repeatedly practice at the pre-clinical stage without exposure to radiation. We attempt to contribute to enhancing dental hygienists' competency in dental radiography using these techniques. However, a system that enables the user to actually take a radiograph based on face recognition would be more useful in terms of practice, so additional studies are needed on the topic.

이 연구의 목적은 증강현실기술을 활용하여 치과 방사선 촬영술의 반복 연습이 가능한 디지털 콘텐츠를 개발하는데 있다. 성인 모델의 외형을 사진 촬영하고, 실습용 마네킹 팬텀을 컴퓨터 단층 촬영한 후, 이를 중첩하여 삼차원 객체를 제작하였다. 또한, 결과로 출력되는 106장의 방사선사진은 촬영법과 관련된 치아 정보를 활용하여 데이터베이스화하였고, 학습자가 성공적인 촬영을 수행하면 각 촬영조건에 맞는 부위별 영상이 호출되도록 시스템을 구축하였다. 이를 통해 임상 전 단계에서의 연습을 반복적으로 시행할 수 있었다. 이 콘텐츠를 이용하여 치과위생사의 방사선 촬영 임상 실무역량을 향상하는데 기여하고자 한다. 다만, 직접 얼굴인식을 통해 촬영하는 것이 실습효용 가치가 클 것으로 예상하기 때문에 이에 관련한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

Fig. 1. Formation of three dimensional mesh basedon real photo images for facial skin

Fig. 2. Illustration showing QR (quick response) code position, dental X-ray machine, mobile device (smart phone), and fixing equipment for dental radiography on dental manikin by user. Arrow indicate path for detection of QR code from smart phone’s camera to dental manikin. TB: tube head

Fig. 3. Phtograph showing the radiography practice of student using the mobile simulator. DM: dental manikin, DX: dental X-ray machine, QRC: quick response code, XMS: X-ray mobile simulator

Fig. 4. The graphical user interface showing when tooth choice for bitewing radiography. The maxillary second premolar was touched and selected.

Fig. 5. User interface on the display of mobile simulator using augmented reality at right maxillary first premolar. Right circle indicate position of tubehead in dental X-ray machine.

Fig. 6. Photograph showing both right maxillary premolar and mandibular premolar by the bitewing technique (A). Right mandibular molars and implants can be observed by the bisecting technique (B).