Fig. 1. Manufacturing step of palladium electroless plating.
Fig. 2. Manufacturing step of Ir-Ru-Ta/Ti-mesh using brush coating.
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of electro-chemical reactor.
Fig. 4. RO16 removal performance of DSA and Pd/Ti electrodes, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 1 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Fig. 5. Effect of temperature in Pd-plating conditions on performance of RO16 removal using Pd/Ti-mesh electrodes, A: 25 ℃, B: 55 ℃, C: 85 ℃, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 1 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Fig. 6. Effect of heat treatment on performance of RO16 removal using Pd/Ti-mesh electrodes, A: before heat treatment, B: after heat treatment, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 1 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Fig. 7. Effect of temperature in heat treatment conditions on performance of RO16 removal using Pd/Ti-mesh electrodes, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 1 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Fig. 8. Effect of Pd and Ir-Ru-Ta layer of RO16 removal, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 1 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Fig. 9. Effect of layer in coating conditions on performance of RO16 removal using A, B, C, and DSA electrodes, A: Pd/Ir-Ru-Ta/Ti-mesh, B: Ir-Ru-Ta/Pd/Ti-mesh, C: Ir-Ru-Ta/Pd/Ir-Ru-Ta/Ti-mesh, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 1 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Fig. 10. Longevity test of Pd/Ir-Ru-Ta/Ti anode, capacity = 1 L, RO16 concentration = 10 ppm, electrolyte type and concentration = Na2SO4 0.07 mol/L, electrode size = 20 × 40 mm, distance between the electrodes = 55 mm, current density = 0.04 A/cm2, reaction time = 10 h, temperature = 21 ℃.
Table 1. Conditions of palladium electroless plating.
Table 2. Conditions of Ir-Ru-Ta coating solution
Table 3. Conditions of electrolysis process
Table 4. RO16 UV absorption analysis conditions
Table 5. IC/ICP result of electrolyzed RO16 wastewater using DSA and Pd/Ti-mesh electrodes
Table 6. IC/ICP result of electrolyzed RO16 wastewater using DSA and Pd/Ti-mesh electrode in various plaiting temperature conditions
Table 7. IC/ICP result of electrolyzed RO16 wastewater using Pd/Ti-mesh electrode in various heat treatment temperature conditions
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