Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Beet western yellows virus (BWYV): Aspect of Outbreak and Survey, and First Complete Genome Sequence of a Korea Isolate of BWYV

  • Park, Chung Youl (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Sun (Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administraion) ;
  • Lee, Hong Kyu (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Oh, Jonghee (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lim, Seungmo (Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Moon, Jae Sun (Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • Lee, Su-Heon (School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2018.10.08
  • Accepted : 2018.10.19
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

In 2010, foliar symptoms were observed in the paprika leaves in Jinju city, Korea. Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) was identified in paprika by using the large-scale oligonucleotide chip assay. To investigate the occurrence of BWYV, a survey was performed on various crops, including paprika, from 2011 to 2014. Further, the presence of BWYV was consistently verified through literature survey from 2015 to 2017. BWYV infection has been identified in Solanaceae crops (bell pepper, hot pepper, and paprika), various weeds, and green peach aphids and it occurs on a nationwide scale. Cultivation using organic methods involved natural enemies and showed a high BWYV infection rate, which was more than that for conventional cultivation methods in greenhouse. The complete genome sequence of BWYV isolated from paprika was determined for the first time. The genome of the BWYV-Korea isolate consists of 5750 nucleotides and has six open reading frames. Sequence identity results showed maximum similarity between the BWYV-Korea isolate and the BWYV LS isolate (identity > 90%). This study is the first report of BWYV infecting paprika in Korea. The survey revealed that BWYV is naturalized in the domestic ecology of Korea.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Photographs of plants and aphids infected with Beet western yellows virus (BWYV). Symptoms of BWYV infection in paprika from a farmer’s greenhouse; (A) vein yellowing symptoms, (B) vein chlorosis symptoms, (C) mosaic symptoms. Two weeds samples collected in a nearby greenhouse that were infected with BWYV and showed no symptoms; (D) Trigonotis peduncularis, (E) Rumex japonicus. Numerous aphids (Myzus persicae) observed in the greenhouse where BWYV occurred (F).

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Fig. 2. In the Large-Scale Oligonucleotide Chip (LSON chip) analysis, the causal agent of vein banding symptoms in paprika leaf samples was confirmed to be Beet western yellows virus (BWYV).

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Fig. 3. Alignment of the RdRP partial sequences of four samples, including paprika. The nucleotide sequence corresponding to the RdRP region is highly conserved and is marked in blue (Identity: 98.77%).

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Fig. 4. The predicted genomic organization of the BWYV-Korea isolate. The complete genome sequence of the BWYV-Korea isolate comprises 5750 nucleotides (nt). ORF2 overlaps with ORF1 and encodes the P1–P2 fusion protein with a -1 ribosomal frameshift at nt 1454 (left arrow). ORF5 encodes the P3–P5 protein with a read-through of the P3 stop codon at position 4140 (right arrow).

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Fig. 5. Phylogenetic trees generated by the alignment of the complete nucleotide genome and deduced amino acid sequence with other BWYV isolates and outgroup (BYDV-PAV and PEMV-1). (A) complete genome, (B) P3 protein. The abbreviations of virus name and GenBank accession number is as follows: BWYV isolates (BJ: HM804472, Korea: LC198684, LS: KM076647, Mulhouse: KU521324, Rouen1: KU521325, Rouen2: KU521326, USA: AF473561), BYDV-PAV (Barley yellow dwarf virus–PAV, EF521849), and PEMV-1 (Pea enation mosaic virus 1, NC003629). The bootstrap analysis was carried out using 1000 replicates and scale bar represents 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per site.

Table 1. Species-specific primer sets used to detect the viral infection in a paprika sample

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Table 2. Oligonucleotide sequences of primers used for complete genome sequencing of Beet western yellows virus (BWYV)-Korea isolate

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Table 3. Percentage identity of the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence between BWYV-Korea isolate and previously reported BWYV isolates

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