A Study on the Utilization of potential heat sources for Heat Pumps to District Heating System in Urban

도시 내 지역난방 Heat Pump용 잠재열원 이용에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to estimate the available potential heat source for heat pump in the district heating supply area in the city. Unused energy potentials were estimated and integrated based on open source based data. In particular, geographical spatial analysis of recoverable heat energy density and heat demand in the heat source area of large retailers and public sauna facilities in the DH network located in the southern part of the metropolitan area (Pyeongtaek-si) was conducted. As a result of the study, the DH network area had a total potential energy of 1,741.7 toe/year for the two heat sources of large retailers and public saunas. It is estimated that 1,006.9 toe/year, which is 57.8% of the total, can be linked to the district heating. The large retailers showed a positive correlation with the floor area and energy use of 0.4937. The recoverable energy intensity was estimated to be $0.0017toe/m^2$ per unit area and $0.0069tCO_2/m^2$ for greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, public saunas were analyzed by comparing the empirical case with the theoretical calculation, and it was estimated that energy conservation estimate of 80% was $0.0315toe/m^2$ per bath area and $0.1183tCO_2/m^2$ for greenhouse gas emissions. The total potential energy amount of this area was positively correlated with the heat demand of apartment house by administrative district, and it was confirmed that it had a relatively high potential energy especially in traffic and commercial center.

본 연구는 도시 내 지역난방 공급지역에 존재하는 Heat Pump용 가용 잠재적 열원을 추정하고자 하였다. 미활용에너지 잠재량은 Open source 기반의 자료를 바탕으로 추정 통합하였다. 특히 수도권 남부에 위치한( 평택시) DH network 내에 대형마트와 공공사우나 시설에 대해 회수 가능한 열에너지 밀도와 열원 지역의 열 수요에 대해 지리적인 공간 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 연구 대상 DH network 지역에서는 대형마트와 공공사우나 두 가지 열원에 대해 총 1,741.7 toe/year 수준의 잠재 에너지량을 보유하고 있었다. 이 중 57.8%에 해당하는 1,006.9 toe/year를 지역난방용으로 연계할 수 있을 것으로 추정 되었다. 대형마트는 연면적과 에너지 사용량이 0.4937의 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 회수 가능한 에너지 원단위는 상관관계계수를 반영하여 연면적 당 $0.0017toe/m^2$, 저감 가능한 온실가스 배출량은 $0.0069tCO_2/m^2$로 분석되었다. 또한, 공공사우나는 실증사례와 이론 계산 값을 비교하여, 80% 수준의 보수적 추정으로 목욕장 면적당 $0.0315toe/m^2$가 회수 가능한 에너지 원단위로 분석되었으며, 저감 가능한 온실가스 배출량은 $0.1183tCO_2/m^2$로 분석되었다. 이 지역의 총 잠재 에너지량은 행정 구역별 공동주택의 열 수요와 0.5272의 양의 상관관계를 갖고 있었으며, 특히 교통과 상업 중심 지구에서 상대적으로 높은 잠재 에너지량을 가지고 있음을 확인 하였다.

Fig. 1. The tendency of the rate of 10 CHPs PSE & the renewable energy generation.

Fig. 2. Diagram of refrigeration cycle : (a) simple refrigeration cycle and (b) refrigeration cycle of two stage compression.

Fig. 3. Procedure for research.

Fig. 4. Thermal pipeline network of the DH operator.

Fig. 5. The amount of recoverable energy for large retailers in the case area.

Fig. 6. The amount of recoverable energy for public saunas in the case area.

Fig. 7. Comparison of the amount of recoverable energy and heat demand for apartment buildings in based on administrative area.

Fig. 8. Recoverable energy location map adjacent to thermal pipeline network of the DH operator.

Fig. 9. Illustration of the amount of connectable recoverable energy in the DH network.

Fig. 10. Map of total recoverable energy of large retailers and public saunas in Pyeongtaek-si.

Table 1. Examples of unused energy use in Korea

Table 2. Types of unused energy

Table 3. Status of research target CHP system

Table 4. Result of heat supply

Table 5. Summary of data sources

Table 6. Korean country-specific electricity emission factor

Table 7. M&V Case Results* for Large retailer

Table 8. Results of energy saving & GHG emission reduction for Large retailers

Table 9. Calculation of heat recovery unit through the cases for Large retailers

Table 10. Energy consumption in 2011 and energy usage per floor area for E-MART*

Table 11. Calculation of the amount of recoverable energy & GHG reduction for large retailers in the case area

Table 12. Results for public saunas performance analysis using waste heat recoverty system

Table 13. Comparison of the results of the research and theoretical calculations for sauna A & B

Table 14. Calculation of the amount of recoverable energy & GHG reduction for public saunas in the case area

Table 15. Comparison of the amount of recoverable energy and heat demand for apartment buildings in based on administrative area