DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design and Control Method of ZVT Interleaved Bidirectional LDC for Mild-Hybrid Electric Vehicle

  • Lee, Soon-Ryung (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Young (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jung, Won-Sang (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Won, Il-Kwon (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Bae, Joung-Hwan (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Won, Chung-Yuen (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 투고 : 2017.05.18
  • 심사 : 2017.09.01
  • 발행 : 2018.01.01

초록

In this paper, design and control method ZVT Interleaved Bidirectional LDC(IB-LDC) for mild-hybrid electric vehicle is proposed. The IB-LDC is composed of interleaved buck and boost converters employing an auxiliary inductor and auxiliary capacitors to achieve zero-voltage-transition. Operating principle of IB-LDC according to operation mode is introduced and mathematically analyzed in buck and boost mode. Moreover, PFM and phase control are proposed to reduce circulating current for low power range. Passive components design such as main inductor, auxiliary inductor and capacitors is suggested, considering ZVT condition and maximizing efficiency. Furthermore, a 600W prototype of ZVT IB-LDC for MHEVs is built and tested to verify validity.

키워드

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Speed profile of vehicle in urban area

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. IB-LDC for MHEVs

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit diagrams of buck and boost mode

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Key waveforms of buck mode operation

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Key waveforms of boost mode operation

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 6. Waveform of the auxiliary inductor and outputcurrent

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0007.png 이미지

Fig. 7. Switching frequency variation depending on dutyand output power

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0008.png 이미지

Fig. 8. Key waveforms of zero-current mode

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0009.png 이미지

Fig. 9. Equivalent circuit diagrams of zero-current mode

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0010.png 이미지

Fig. 10. Control block diagram of ZVT IB-LDC forMHEVs

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0011.png 이미지

Fig. 11. Inductance variation with respect to fs

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0012.png 이미지

Fig. 12. Current waveforms of main and auxiliary inductor

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0013.png 이미지

Fig. 13. Switch of current and voltage

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0014.png 이미지

Fig. 14. Resonant voltage variation depending on La and Ca

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0015.png 이미지

Fig. 15. The switching loss of ZVT IB-LDC

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0016.png 이미지

Fig. 16. The current shape flowing the switches

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0017.png 이미지

Fig. 17. The ratio of loss in MOSFET switches

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0018.png 이미지

Fig. 18. Experimental set for ZVT IB-LDC

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0019.png 이미지

Fig. 19. Experimental waveforms in buck mode operation.(a) Gate signals G1 and G2, switch currents is1 andis2. (b) Gate signals Vgs1 and Vgs2, switch voltagesvs1 and vs2. (c)Gate signal Vgs1, switch voltage vs1,output current IL1 and auxiliary inductor currentiLa. (d) Output currents IL1, IL2 and current ofauxiliary inductor iLa

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0020.png 이미지

Fig. 20. Experimental waveforms in boost mode operation.(a) Gate signals G1 and G2, switch currents is1 andis2. (b) Gate signals Vgs1 and Vgs2, switch voltagesvs1 and vs2. (c) Gate signal vgs1, switch voltage vs1,output current IL1 and auxiliary inductor currentiLa. (d) Output currents IL1, IL2 and current ofauxiliary inductor iLa

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0021.png 이미지

Fig. 21. Experimental waveforms in zero-current operation.(a) Zero-current mode without phase control. (b)Zero-current mode with phase control

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0022.png 이미지

Fig. 22. Measured efficiency at different output powers

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0023.png 이미지

Fig. 23. The losses of conventional IB-LDC

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0024.png 이미지

Fig. 24. The losses of ZVT IB-LDC with PFM

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_f0025.png 이미지

Fig. 25. The total loss of conventional and ZVT IB-LDCwith PFM

Table 1. Experiment parameters

E1EEFQ_2018_v13n1_226_t0001.png 이미지

참고문헌

  1. Anila Thyagarajan, R. Raja Prabu, and G. Uma, "Automotive infotainment power management solution by modeling, analysis and control of 42V/14V DCDC automotive interleaved buck converter," 25th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC 2013), in Guiyang, pp. 4507-4512, May 2013.
  2. T. C. Neugebauer and D. J. Perreault, "Computeraided optimization of DC/DC converters for automotive applications," Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC), in Galway, vol. 2, pp. 689-695, Jun. 2000.
  3. Seung-Yo Lee, Arthur G. Pfaelzer, and Jacobus Daniel van Wyk, "Comparison of Different Designs of a 42-V/14-V DC/DC Converter Regarding Losses and Thermal Aspects," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 43. no. 2, pp. 520-530, Mar./Apr. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2006.889808
  4. J. Czogalla, Jieli Li and, C. R. Sullivan, "Automotive application of multi-phase coupled-inductor DC-DC converter," Industry Applications Conference (IAS), vol. 3, pp. 1524-1529, Oct. 2003.
  5. Fang Zheng Peng, Fan Zhang, and Zhaoming Qian, "A Magnetic-Less DC-DC Converter for Dual-Voltage Automotive Systems," IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 39. no. 2, pp. 511-518, Mar./Apr. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2003.808945
  6. O. Garcia, P. Zumel, A. de Castro, and A. Cobos, "Automotive DC-DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved buck stages," IEEE Trans. on Power electronics, vol. 21, pp. 578-586, May. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2006.872379
  7. Nam-Ju Park and Dong-Seok Hyun, "N Interleaved Boost Converter with a Novel ZVT Cell Using a Single Resonant Inductor for High Power Applications," IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 2157-2161, Oct. 2006.
  8. Gui-Jia Su, Lixin Tang "A Multiphase, Modular, Bidirectional, Triple-Voltage DC-DC Converter for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicle Power Systems," IEEE Trans. on Power electronics, vol. 23, no. 6, Nov. 2008.
  9. Svetozar S. Broussev and Nikolay T. Tchamov, "Two-Phase Self-Assisted Zero-Voltage Switching DC-DC Converter" IEEE Trans. On Circuit and Systems, vol. 60, no. 3, Mar. 2013
  10. Dongok Moon, Junsung Park, Sewan Choi, "New Interleaved Current-Fed Resonant Converter with Significantly Reduced High Current Side Output Filter for EV and HEV Applications," IEEE Trans. On Power electronics, vol. 30, no. 8, Aug. 2015.
  11. Fan Zhang, Lei Du, Fang Zheng Peng and Zhaoming Qian, "A New Design Method for High-Power High- Efficiency Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converters," IEEE Trans. on Power electronics, vol. 23, no. 2, Mar. 2008.
  12. A. Ogale, B. Sarlioglu, and Y. Wang, "A Novel Design and Performance Characterization of a Very High Current Low Voltage DC-DC Converter for Application in Micro and Mild Hybrid Vehicles," 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), pp. 1367-1374, Mar. 2015.
  13. Lee, J.H., Yu, D.H., Kim, J.G., Kim, Y.H., Shin, S.C., Jung, D.Y., Jung, Y.C., Won, C.Y., "Auxiliary Switch Control of a BidirectionalSoft-Switching DC/DC Converter" IEEE Trans. on Power electronics, vol. 28, no. 12, Dec. 2013.
  14. E. Maali Amiri, J. Shokrollahi Moghani, G.B. Gharehpetian, S.S. Heidary Yazdi, "Novel Two Stage Buck-Boost Converter with Zero Voltage Transition Operation," PEDSTC 2014, pp. 143-147, Feb. 2014, Tehran, Iran.
  15. C. Sien Moo, Yu Jen Chen, Hung Liang Cheng, and Yao Ching Hsieh, "Twin-Buck Converter With Zero-Voltage Transition," IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 6, Jun. 2011.
  16. Yao-Ching Hsieh, Kun-Ying Lee, and Kuo-Fu Liao, "An Interleaved Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Zero-Voltage-Switching," Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), pp. 427-432, Apr. 2013.
  17. B. J. Lyons, J. G. Hayes, and M. G. Egan, "Magnetic Material Comparisons for High-Current Inductors in Low-Medium Frequency DC-DC Converters," APEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 71-77, 2007 Anaheim, CA, USA.
  18. Huijie Yu, Byeong-Mun Song, Jih-Sheng Lai, "Design of a novel ZVT soft-switching chopper," IEEE Trans. on Power electronics, pp. 101-108 vol. 17, no. 1, Jan. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/63.988675
  19. Yaow-Ming Chen, Sheng-Yu Tseng, Cheng-Tao Tsai, Tsai-Fu Wu, "Interleaved buck converters with a single-capacitor turn-off snubber," IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, pp. 954-967 vol. 40, no. 3, Jan. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2004.1337467
  20. Kim, M. K., Woo, D. G., Lee, B. K., Kim, N. J., & Ki m, J. S., "Loss analysis of power conversion equipme nt for efficiency improvement," The Transactions of t he Korean Institute of Power Electronics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 80-90, 2014. https://doi.org/10.6113/TKPE.2014.19.1.80