Journal of Venture Innovation (벤처혁신연구)

Korean Academy of Venture Innovation (한국벤처혁신학회)
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Types of business model in the 4th industrial revolution

4차 산업혁명시대의 비즈니스 모델 유형

  • Received : 2018.03.05
  • Accepted : 2018.06.15
  • Published : 2018.06.30
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Abstract

The 4th Industrial Revolution is making a big change for our company like the tsunami. The CPS system, which is represented by the digital age, is based on the data accumulated in the physical domain and is making business that was not imagined in the past through digital technology. As a result, the business model of the 4th Industrial Revolution era is different from the previous one. In this study, we analyze the trends and the issues of business innovation theory research. Then, the business innovation model of the digital age was compared with the previous period. Based on this, we have searched for a business model suitable for the 4th Industrial Revolution era. The existing business models have many difficulties to explain the model of the digital era. Even though more empirical research should be supported, Michael Porter's diamond model is most suitable for four cases of business models by applying them. Type A sharing outcome with customer is a model that pay differently according to the basis of customer performance. Type B Value Chain Digitalization model provides products and services to customers with faster and lower cost by digitalizing products, services and SCM. Type C Digital Platform is the model that brings the biggest ripple effect. It is a model that can secure profitability by creating new market by creating the sharing economy based on digital platform. Finally, Type D Sharing Resources is a model for building a competitive advantage model by collaborating with partners in related industries. This is the most effective way to complement each other's core competencies and their core competencies. Even though numerous Unicorn companies have differentiated digital competitiveness with many digital technologies in their respective industries in the 4th Industrial Revolution era, there is a limit to the number of pieces to be listed. In future research, it is necessary to identify the business model of the digital age through more specific empirical analysis. In addition, since digital business models may be different in each industry, it is also necessary to conduct comparative analysis between industries

4차 산업혁명이 쓰나미와 같이 우리 기업에 큰 변화를 주고 있다. 디지털시대로 대변되는 CPS시스템은 물리적인 영역에서 축적된 데이터를 기반으로 디지털 기술을 통해 과거에 상상하지 못했던 비즈니스를 현실로 만들어 내고 있다. 이로 인해 4차 산업혁명시대의 비즈니스 모델은 이전과는 다른 양상을 보이고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비즈니스혁신 이론 연구의 흐름을 시대별 흐름과 쟁점을 분석하였다. 이후 디지털시대의 비즈니스 혁신 모델을 이전 시대와 비교 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 4차 산업혁명 시대에 적합한 비즈니스 모델을 탐색하였으며, 기존 비즈니스 모델들로는 디지털 시대의 모형을 설명하기에는 많은 어려움이 있었고, 보다 많은 실증적인 연구가 뒷받침 되어야하겠지만 마이클 포터의 다이아몬드 모델이 가장적합함을 확인하였고, 이를 응용하여 4가지 유형의 비즈니스 모델을 도출하여 해당 사례를 살펴보았다. Type A : sharing outcome with customer로 고객 성과 창출 기반에 따라 차등적으로 비용을 지불하는 모델이며, Type B : Value Chain Digitalization로 제품, 서비스 및 SCM 디지털화로 보다 빠르고 저렴한 비용으로 제품, 서비스를 고객에 제공함으로 경쟁우위를 가지는 모델이며, Type C : Digital Platform는 가장 큰 파급효과를 가져다 주는 모델로 디지털 플랫폼 기반의 공유 경제 창출로 새로운 시장을 창출하여 더 확실한 수익성 확보가 가능한 모델이다. 마지막으로 Type D : Sharing Resources는 관련 산업 내 파트너와 협업으로 경쟁 우위 모델 구축하는 모델로 다른 파트너의 핵심 역량과 자신의 핵심 역량을 서로 보완하는 가장 효과적인 성공 방법이라 할 수 있겠다. 4차 산업혁명시대에 다수의 요소 기술과 수많은 유니콘, 데카콘 기업들이 자신들이 속해 있는 산업별 차별적 디지털 경쟁우위를 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 특정 대표기업의 디지털 비즈니스 모델을 상세 분석하여 학문적이고 실무적인 시사점을 도출하는 것 보다는 단편적으로 나열함에 한계가 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 더욱더 구체적인 실증적인 분석을 통해 디지털시대의 비즈니스모델을 더욱더 상세하게 규명할 필요가 있다. 아울러 산업별로 디지털 비즈니스 모델이 상이할 수 있으므로 산업간 비교분석을 해볼 필요 역시 있다.

Keywords

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