한국멀티미디어학회논문지 (Journal of Korea Multimedia Society)

  • 제20권10호
  • /
  • Pages.1697-1709
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1229-7771(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-0102(eISSN)
한국멀티미디어학회 (Korea Multimedia Society)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

영화 WALL·E의 선행 움직임(Anticipation) 효과 연구

The Effects of Anticipation in WALL·E (2008)

  • Lee, Dong Min (Dept. of Cultural Contents & Communication Science, Konkuk University)
  • 투고 : 2017.06.05
  • 심사 : 2017.09.06
  • 발행 : 2017.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This paper aims to investigate the effect of anticipatory motion in Wall E (2008). For the purpose of the study, first of all, an overall discussion on the definition and role of anticipation presented through the related literature review. Based on this, the present study analyzed the functions of anticipatory movements of the main characters, Wall E and EVE in 29 scenes. As a result, this paper found that anticipation is involved in expressions of humanity, thought process, utterance and intonation, the degree of emotion and energy, reinforcement of the character's intention, and biological response within the film. Overall, these findings show that anticipation takes an important part in giving the illusion of life to the characters throughout the movie, which may imply that anticipation can be beneficial for characters with abstract form or limited modality. The ultimate goal of this study is to propose that the animation principles can be used as a tool to analyze character animation and can be applied academically or industrially to other fields such as artificial intelligence.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Mayfield Robotics' Kuri is an Adorable Home Robot, https://techcrunch.com/video/mayfieldrobotics-kuri-is-an-adorable-home-robot/586eb2e1bc67d27ee1cb621e/, (accessed May., 9, 2017).
  2. J. Bates, “The Role of Emotion in Believable Agents,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 122-125, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1145/176789.176803
  3. A. Bogdanovych, T. Tomas, and S. Simeon, Formalising Believability and Building Believable Virtual Agents, Artificial Life and Computational Intelligence, Springer International Publishing, Newcastle, 2015.
  4. F. Maleki and F. Zeinab, “Making Humanoid Robots More Acceptable Based on the Study of Robot Characters in Animation,” IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 63-72, 2015.
  5. T. Ribeiro and A. Paiva, "The Illusion of Robotic Life: Principles and Practices of Animation for Robots," Proceedings of the Seventh Annual ACM/ IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp. 383-390, 2012.
  6. A.J.N.V. Breemen, "Bringing Robots to Life: Applying Principles of Animation to Robots," Proceedings of Shaping Human-Robot Interaction Workshop, pp. 143-144, 2004.
  7. M.J. Gielniak and A.L. Thomaz, "Generating Anticipation in Robot Motion," Proceeding of International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 449-454, 2011.
  8. G. Hoffman, "Anticipation in Human-Robot Interaction," Proceeding of AAAI Spring Symposium: It's All in the Timing, pp. 21-26, 2010.
  9. O. Johnston and F. Thomas, The I llusion of Life: Disney Animation, Disney Editions, New York, 1995.
  10. I.V. Kerlow, The art of 3D : Computer Animation and Effects, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2004.
  11. Y.S. Lee, "Emotional Level Suggestion for Anthropomorphic Animal Character-Focusing on the Elephant Character Horton," The Journal of Korea Design Forum, Vol. 43, pp. 267-277, 2014.
  12. M.Y. Lee, S.H. Hong, and J.H. Kim, “Making Packets from Animation Gestures-Based on the Effort Element of LMA,” The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 179-189, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2011.11.3.179
  13. R. Sung, "Analysis on the Movement Found in an Animation - Focusing on Laban's Effort," Cartoon & Animation Studies, No. 40, pp. 33-53. 2015. https://doi.org/10.7230/KOSCAS.2015.40.033
  14. R. William, The Animator's Survival Kit: A Manual of Methods, Principles, and Formulas for Classical, Computer, Games, Stop Motion, and Internet Animators, Disney Editions, New York, NY, 2002.
  15. R. William, C.W. Han. Y.E. Jo, and S.J. Lee, The Animator's Survival Kit: A Manual of Methods, Principles, and Formulas for Classical, Computer, Games, Stop Motion, and Internet Animators, Hanul, Gyeonggi-do, 2013.
  16. H. Whitaker and J. Halas, Timing for Animation, Focal Press, Oxford, 2002.
  17. H. Whitaker, J. Halas, and T. Sito, and C.H. Kwon, Timing for Animation, Communication Books, Seoul, 2012.
  18. I.T. Kim, K.H. Yoon, B.S. Kim, J.H. Seol, and S.H. Yang, Comics and Animation Dictionary, Fandom Books, The Korea Manhwa Contents Agency, Korea 2015.
  19. D.I. Oh, Disney Studios, Communication Books, Seoul, 2016.
  20. J. Lasseter, “Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation,” ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 35-44, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1145/37402.37407
  21. L. Bishko, "The Uses and Abuses of Cartoon Style in Animation," Animation, Vol. 2, pp. 24-35. 2007.
  22. L. Bishko, Our Empathic Experience of Believable Characters, Nonverbal Communication in Virtual Worlds, ETC Press, London, 2014.
  23. B. Tversky, B.M. Julie, and B. Mireille, “Animation: Can It Facilitate?,” International Journal of Human-computer Studies, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 247-262, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2002.1017
  24. A.B. Loyall, Believable Agents: Building Interactive Personalities, Ph.D. Thesis of Carnegie Mellon University of Computer Science, USA. 1997.
  25. B.D. Adam. "Kinesic Constructions," Animation, Vol. 4, pp. 44-52, 2009.
  26. H. Crow, Gesturing toward Olympia in Buchan, Animated Worlds, John Libbey United Kingdom, 2006.
  27. H. Tim, The Art of WALL. E, Chronicle Books, California, United States 2008.
  28. P. Power, “Animated Expressions: Expressive Style in 3D Computer Graphic Narrative Animation,” Animation, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 107-129, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847709104643
  29. S.H. Chaffee, Communication Concepts 1: Explication. Newbury Park, CA:Sage, 1991.
  30. K.M. Lee and S.H. Ryu. IT impact on Society and Mind for Literary Approach, USA Korea Information Society Development Institute, 2004.
  31. C. Bartneck, D. Kulic, E. Croft, and S. Zoghbi, "Measurement Instruments for the Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived Intelligence, and Perceived Safety of Robots," International Journal of Social Robotics, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 71-81, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-008-0001-3
  32. L. Takayama, D. Dooley, and W. Ju. "Expressing Thought: Improving Robot Readability with Animation Principles," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-robot Interaction, pp. 69-76. 2011.
  33. M.J. Gielniak and A.L. Thomaz, "Anticipation in Robot Motion," Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 449-454, 2011.
  34. H.S. Koppula and A. Saxena. "Anticipating Human Activities for Reactive Robotic Response," Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 2071, 2013.
  35. G. Saponaro, G. Salvi, and A. Bernardino, "Robot Anticipation of Human Intentions Through Continuous Gesture Recognition," Proceeding of International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems, pp. 218-225, 2013.
  36. A.P. Saygin, T. Chaminade, H. Ishiguro, J. Driver, and C. Frith. "The Thing That Should Not Be: Predictive Coding and the Uncanny Valley in Perceiving Human and Humanoid Robot Actions," Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 413-422, 2011.
  37. A.W. de Borst and B. de Gelder. "Is It the Real Deal? Perception of Virtual Characters Versus Humans: an Affective Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective," Frontiers in psychology, Vol. 6, No. 576, pp. 1-12. 2015.
  38. V. Demeure, R. Niewiadomski, and C. Pelachaud, How is Believability of a Virtual Agent Related to Warmth, Competence, Personification, and Embodiment?, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2011.
  39. E. Park, "Analysis of Roles of Lighting and Background Musik for Storytelling-a Case Study of Disney's Short Animated Film ," Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 988-995, 2015. https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2015.18.8.988