생태와환경 (Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment)

  • 제50권1호
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  • Pages.157-168
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  • 2017
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  • 2288-1115(pISSN)
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  • 2288-1123(eISSN)
한국수생태학회 (The Korean Society of Limnology)
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영산강 수계의 배후습지인 우습제에 서식하는 식생분포와 특성

Vegetation Distribution and Phytosociological Character of Useupje (Backswamp) in the Youngsan River Basin

  • 투고 : 2017.01.18
  • 심사 : 2017.03.13
  • 발행 : 2017.03.31
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초록

배후습지는 범람에 의해 고운 입자가 퇴적된 범람원으로 일반적으로 추이대의 성격을 지니며, 다양한 생태계로 구성된다. 본 연구는 영산강 배후습지인 우습제의 식생다양성과 자연성평가를 통한 습지의 생태학적 정보를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 우습제의 식생은 서식처의 종조성에 따라 4개 상관형의 14개 단위식생으로 분류되었다. 부유식생에는 개구리밥군락 (Spirodela polyrhiza community)이 출현하였고 부엽식생에는 마름군락 (Trapa bispinosa var. inumai community), 연꽃-마름군락 (Trapa bispinosa var. inumai-Nelumbo nucifera community)이 확인되었다. 정수식생의 진연안대에는 물참새피군락 (Paspalum distichum community), 고마리군락 (Persicaria thunbergii community), 갈풀군집 (Phalaridetum arundinaceae)이 확인되었고 추수대에는 줄-매자기군집 (Scirpo fluviarilis-Zizanietum latifoliae), 애기부들군락 (Typha angustata community)이 확인되었다. 조간대에는 큰고랭이군집 (Scirpetum tabernaemontani), 갈대군집 (Phragmitetum australis)이 확인되었고 중수위권의 습지추이대지역에서는 버드나무-이삭사초군락 (Carex dimorpholepis-Salix subfragilis community)이 확인되었다. 우습제 식생분포결과에 따르면, 식생분포 양상에 영향을 미치는 환경인자로서 습지 내 수위변화가 주요 요인으로 고려된다. 우습제의 단위식생 평가결과는 식생자연도에 따라 대부분 III 등급으로 확인되었다. 그러나 넓은 면적에서 다양한 고유식생 분포가 확인되었고 인접한 습지가 존재하지 않는 지리적 특성을 고려할 때, 지역생태계에 기여하는 생태학적 가치는 높이 평가되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Backswamp is the section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood. In general, the wetland is composed of diverse ecosystems, and is characterized by ecotone. The purpose of this study was to analyze vegetation naturalness and to assess vegetation value by syntaxonomy and synecology of Useupje backswamp at Yeongsan river. As a result, the vegetation was divided into four physyiognomy types and 14 vegetation units depending on the species composition and habitats. The vegetation units confirmed in the study were as follow: Spirodela polyrhiza community as floating plant; Trapa bispinosa var. inuma community and Trapa bispinosa var. inumai-Nelumbo nucifera community as floating-leaved plant; Paspalum distichum community, Persicaria thunbergii community and Phalaridetum arundinaceae as lentic vegetation in the eulittoral zone; Scirpo fluviarilis-Zizanietum latifoliae and Typha angustata community in the emerged zone; Scirpetum tabernaemontani and Phragmitetum australis in the littoral zone; Carex dimorpholepis-Salix subfragilis community ecotone region of upland. According to the study, the vegetation distribution was highly affected by water level and artificial interference. Moreover, the development of vegetation units showed a significant relationship between species composition and habitats. Although vegetation value of Useupje resulted by vegetation naturalness was identified as the grade [III], the ecological value is expected to upward evaluation because of unique vegetation and geographical location.

키워드

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