연령에 따른 쉬리 Coreoleuciscus splendidus의 성적이형과 생식소 숙도 분석

Analysis of Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and Sexual Dimorphism of Coreoleuciscus splendidus in Age Groups

  • 송하윤 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소) ;
  • 김경무 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소) ;
  • 신아리 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소) ;
  • 이진석 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소) ;
  • 박희원 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소) ;
  • 이완옥 (국립수산과학원 중앙내수면연구소)
  • 투고 : 2017.05.29
  • 심사 : 2017.06.21
  • 발행 : 2017.09.30

초록

경기도 가평군의 가평천 일대에서 2016년 9월과 2017년 2, 4월에 쉬리 245개체를 채집하여 이석과 전장빈도분포법을 이용한 연령추정과 23가지의 계측형질을 이용하여 연령에 따른 성적이형을 조사하였다. 연령추정 결과 만 2년생부터 만 4년생의 비율이 높았고 만 5년생이 최대연령이었다. 23개의 계측형질 중 9개의 형질에서 성별 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이중 뒷지느러미에서 나타나는 성적이형은 수컷의 뒷지느러미 연조가 길게 신장되어 뒷지느러미 폭과 길이가 암컷에 비해 넓고 긴 특징을 보이는 주요한 성적이형으로 나타났다. 또한 산란기에 수컷개체는 뒷지느러미의 연조에 추성이 발달하는 성적이형을 나타내었으나 뒷지느러미를 제외한 다른 계측형질과 외부형질에서 성별에 따른 성적이형이 나타나지 않았다. 성적으로 성숙하는 만 2년생 개체부터 성적이형이 나타났으며, 당년생 치어와 만 1년생 개체에서는 성적이형이 나타나지 않았다. 산란기는 4월에서 5월이었으며, 만 2세부터 산란에 참여하였다. 주요 산란 연령은 만 3세부터였으며, 최대 생식소 도지수(GSI)는 만 5세에서 암컷 14.91, 수컷 8.96으로 나타났다.

Age estimation and sexual dimorphism of Coreoleuciscus splendidus were estimated using otolith, length-frequency distribution and 23 morphological measurements, from 245 individuals collected from September 2016, February and April 2017 in the Gapyeong stream, Han River, Korea. Result of age estimation of C. splendidus, we most examined were 2, 3 and 4-age, and the maximum observed ages were 5-age. Nine out of twenty-three morphometric measurements were significantly different between the genders. Anal fin have showing major sexual dimorphism in particular between adult individuals. This sexual dimorphism was based on extension of anal fin soft rays of male individuals. Therefore anal fin of males is always longer and wider than females. During spawning season male individuals possess nuptial tubercles on anal fin rays. However, another measurements and morphological characters does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in the between male and female individuals. The sexual dimorphism was observed to only over 2-years old individuals with sexual maturity. But juvenile and 1-years old individuals do not have sexual dimorphism with sexual maturity. Peak season of spawning was April to May and they start first spawning at 2-age. The ages at major spawning groups were most 3-age, and they maximum GSI index was 14.91 (female), 8.96 (male) at 5-age, respectively.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Arkhipchuk, V.V. 1995. Role of chromosomal and genome mutations in the evolution of bony fishes. J. Hydrobiol., 31: 55-65.
  2. Andersson, M. 1984. The evolution of eusociality. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 15: 165-189. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.001121
  3. Andersson, M. 1994. Sexual selection. Univ. Princeton Press, Princeton, 624pp.
  4. Baek, H.M. and H.B. Song. 2006. Sexual dimorphism and secondary sexual characters of Acheilognathus signifier (Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 18: 141-147. (in Korean)
  5. Berg, L.S. 1932. A review of the freshwater cottoid fishes of Pacific slope of Asia. Copeia., 1932: 17-20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1437024
  6. Campana, S.E. and J.E. Nelson. 1985. Microstructure of fish otolith. Libid, 42: 1014-1032.
  7. Chae, B.S. and H.N. Yoon. 2006. Geographic variation and distribution of nuptial color patterns in Korean chub, Zacco koreanus (Cyprinidae, Pisces). Korean J. Ichthyol., 18: 97-106. (in Korean)
  8. Choi, K.C., S.S. Choi and Y.P. Hong. 1990. On the microdistribution of freshwater fish, Coreoleuciscus splendidus (Gobioninae) from Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 2: 63-76. (in Korean)
  9. Choi, J.S., H.K. Byeon and O.K. Kwon. 2001. Reproductive ecology of Gobiobotia brevibarba (Cyprinidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 13:123-128. (in Korean)
  10. Darwin, C. 1888. The descent of man and selection in relation to sex. 2 Vols, 2nd ed. John Murray, London., 1035pp.
  11. David, L.B. and G.H. Robert. 2003. Validation of otoliths for estimation ages of Largemouth Bass to 16 years. North American J. Fisheries Management., 23: 590-593. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0590:VOOFEA>2.0.CO;2
  12. Devlin, R.H. and Y. Nagahama. 2002. Sex determination and sex differentiation in fish: an overview of genetic, physiological, ad environmental influences. Aquac., 208: 191-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00057-1
  13. Goto, A. 1984. Sexual dimorphism in a river sculpin Cottus hangiongensis. Japanese J. Ichthyol., 31: 161-166.
  14. Im, J.H., H.W. Gil, T.H. Lee, H.J. Kong, C.M. Ahn, B.S. Kim, D.S. Kim, C. I. Zhang and I. S. Park. 2016. Morphometric characteristics and fin dimorphism between male and female on the Marine medaka, Oryzias dancena. Dev Reprod., 20: 331-347. https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2016.20.4.331
  15. Kang, S.K., K.M. Jung and H.K. Cha. 2015. First annulus formation and age determination for otoliths of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus. Fish. Aquatic. Sci., 48: 760-767.
  16. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education, Youngi, pp. 173-191.
  17. Kim, I.S., M.K. Oh and K. Hosoya. 2005a. A new species of Cyprinid fish, Zacco koreanus with re-description of Z. temminckii (Cyprinidae) from Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 17: 1-7.
  18. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Kim, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2005b. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-hap publishing, Seoul, 615pp. (in Korean).
  19. Kim, D.S., H.Y. Song, I.C. Bang and Y.K. Nam. 2007. Cytogenetic analysis of Korean shinner, Coreoleuciscus splendidus (Cyprinidae). Korean J. Aquacult., 20: 140-143. (in Korean)
  20. Kim, D.H., K.J. Lee. S. Kim and Y.K. Teng. 2009. The spermatogenesis of Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Cyprinidae, Teleostei. Korean J. Microscopy, 39: 227-236. (in Korean)
  21. Kim, D.H., W.J. Kim, Y.K. Teng, S. Kim and K.J. Lee. 2010. The oogenesis of Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Cyprinidae, Teleostei. Korean J. Microscopy, 40: 9-14. (in Korean)
  22. Kim, S.R., C.R. Lee and S. M. Lee. 2006. Effect of dietary supplementation of paprika and spirulina on pigmentation of Swiri Coreoleuciscus splendidus. Korean J. Aquacult., 19: 261-266. (in Korean)
  23. Kim, Y.J. and J.M. Kim. 2001. Sexual dimorphism of three species of Gymnogobius (gobiidae) from Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 13: 117-122.
  24. Kim, Y.J., C.I. Zhang, I.S. Park, J.H. Na and P. Olin. 2008. Sexual dimorphism in morphometric characteristics of Korean chub Zacco koreanus (Pisces, Cyprinidae). J. Ecol. Field Biol., 31: 107-113.
  25. Ko, M.H., H.Y. Song, Y.K. Hong and I.C. Bang. 2012. Reproductive ecology of an endangered species Gobiobotia macrocephala (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Seom River, Korea. Korean J. Limnol., 45:190-199. (in Korean)
  26. Kotusz, J. and A. Witkowski. 1998. Morphometrics of Pseudorasbora parva (Schlegel, 1984) (Cyprinidae: Gobioninae), a species introduced in to the Polish waters. Acta. Ichthyol. Piscat., 28: 3-14. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP1998.28.1.01
  27. Lin, Z.H., H.Z. Lei, L.I. Chen, Z.H. Bao, B. R. Gao. 2007. Sexual dimorphism in morphological traits and female individual fecundity of Abbottina rivularis. Sichuan. Dong. Wu., 26: 910-913.
  28. Li, X., Y.Chen, D. He and F. Chen. 2009. Otolith characteristics and age determination of an endemic Ptychobeanchus dipogon (Regan, 1905) (Cyprinidae: Schizophrenia) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet. Environ. Biol. Fish., 86: 53-61 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-008-9420-0
  29. Ma, B.S., C.X. Xie, B. Huo, X.F. Yang and H.P. Huang. 2010. Age and growth of long-lived fish Schizothorax oconnori in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet. Zool. Stud., 49: 749-759.
  30. Mills, C.A. 1987. The life history of the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) in a productive stream. Freshwater biology., 17: 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1987.tb01028.x
  31. Mills, C.A. 1988. The effect of extreme northerly climatic conditions on the life history of the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.). J. Fish Biol., 33: 545-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05498.x
  32. Mori, T. 1935. Studies on the geographical distribution of fresh water fish in Korea. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Jap., 7: 35-61.
  33. Nakamura, M. 1963. Keys to the freshwater fishes of Japan fully illustrated in colors. Tokyo, 258pp.
  34. Ricker, W.E. 1971. Methods for assessment of fish production on freshwater. IBP handbook, Blackwell Science Inc, Edinburgh, 3: 112-113.
  35. Secor, D.H., J.M. Dean and S.E. Campana. 1995. Recent developments in fish otolith research. Univ. South Carolina Press, U.S.A, 735pp.
  36. Son, Y.M. 2000. Population ecology of Abbottina springeri (Cyprinidae) in the Musimcheon stream, Korea. Koran J. Icthyol., 12: 186-191. (in Korean)
  37. Song, H.B. and O.K. Kwon. 1993. Ecology of Coreoleuciscus splendidus Mori (Cyprinidae) in Hongcheon River. Korean J. Limnol., 26: 235-244. (in Korean)
  38. Song, H.B. and Y.M. Son. 2002. Maturity and reproductive ecology of the Minow, Phoxinus phoxinus (Cyprinidar) in the upper south Han River, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 14:262-268. (in Korean)
  39. Song, H.B., H.M. Baek and Y.M. Son. 2005. Sexual and males dimorphism of Rhinogobius brunneus (Pisces: Gobiidae). Korean J. Ecol., 28: 295-303. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2005.28.5.295
  40. Song, H.H. 1976. Study on the spawning and early development of Coreoleuciscus splendidus Mori. Master's thesis, Kyunghee University, 23pp. (in Korean)
  41. Song, H.Y. and I.C. Bang. 2015. Coreoleuciscus aeruginos (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a new species from the Seomjin and Nakdong rivers, Korea. Zootaxa., 3931: 140-150. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.10
  42. Takacs, P. 2012. Morphometric differentiation of gudgeon species inhabiting the Carpathian Basin. Int. J. Lim., 48: 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2011058
  43. Wang, J.T., M. C. Liu and L. S. Fang. 1995. The reproductive biology of an endemic cyprinid, Zacco pachycephalus, in Taiwan. J. Environ. Biol. Fish., 43: 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002481
  44. Uchida, K. 1939. The fishes of Tyosen. Part I. Nematognathi and Eventognathi. Bull. Fish. Exp. St., pp. 271-276. (in Japanese)
  45. Yang, H.J., Y.E. Kim, I.S. Kim and H.T. Heo. 1999. Fish terminology. Junghaengsa, seoul, 125pp. (in Korean)
  46. Zahavi, A. 1975. Mate selection a selection for a handicap. J. Theor. Bioi., 67: 603-605.