References
- Schins RPF and Borm PJA. Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: A review. Am Occup Hyg. 1999; 43(1): 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4878(98)00069-6
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monograph on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. In: Silica, some silicates, coal dust and para-aramid fibrils. Geneva, Switzerland. IARC Press; 1997. Vol. 68.
- Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agusti AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(4): 347-365. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP
- Meijers JM, Swaen GM, Slangen JJ. Mortality of Dutch coal miners in relation to pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung function. Occup Environ Med. 1997; 54(10):708-713. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.10.708
- National Law Information Center. Act on the prevention of pneumoconiosis and protection, etc., of pneumoconiosis workers. Sejong: Korea Ministry of Government Legislation; 2016. No. 13911.
- Castranova V. From coal mine dust to quartz: Mechanism of pulmonary pathology. Inhal Toxicol. 2000;12(Suppl 3):7-14.
- Gulumian M, Borm PJA, Vallyathan, Castranova V, Donaldson K, Nelson G, et al. Mechanistically identified suitable biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility for silicosis and coal-worker's pneumoconiosis: a comprehensive review. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2006;9(5):357-395. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390500196537
- Cohen RA, Patel A, Green FHY. Lung disease caused by exposure to coal mine and silica dust. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;29(6):651-661. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101275
- Porter DW, Hubbs AF, Mercer R, Robinson VA, Ramsey D, McLaurin J, et al. Progression of lung inflammation and damage in rats sfter cessation of silica inhalation. Toxicol Sci. 2004; 79(2):370-380. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfh110
- Cobben NA, Drent M, Schols AM, Lamers RJ, Wouster EF, Van Dieijen-Visser MP. Serum lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme pattern in ex-coalminers. Respir Med. 1997;91(10): 616-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(97)90008-1
- Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6: from basic science to medicine-40 years in immunology. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115806
- Garrod R, Marshall J, Barley E, Fredericks S, Hagan G. The relationship between inflammatory markers and disability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prim Care Respir J. 2007;16(4):236-240. https://doi.org/10.3132/pcrj.2007.00047
- International Labor Organization. International Labor Organization Guidelines for the use of the ILO international classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis. Revised Edition 2000. (Occupational Safety and Health Series, No. 22.). Geneva: ILO Press; 2002.
- Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319-338. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00034805
- Morris JF, Koski A, Johnson LC. Spirometric standards for healthy nonsmoking adults. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971;103: 57-67.
- Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. Guideline for COPD and Asthma. Seoul: Seoul Medcus; 2005. p26-27.
- Hnizdo E, Vallyathan V. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60(4):237-243. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.4.237
-
Vanhee D, Molet S, Gosset P, Tillie-Leblond I, Boitelle A, Wallaert B, et al. Expression of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules is limited to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the lung of pneumoconiotic patients: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-
${\alpha}$ ). Clin Exp Immunol. 1996; 106(3):541-548. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-878.x - Drent M, Cobben NA, Henderson RF, Wouters EF, van Dieijen-Visser M. Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes as indicators of lung damage or inflammation. Eur Respir J. 1996; 9:1736-1742. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09081736
- Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. "C-reactive protein: a critical update". J Clin Invest. 2003;111(12):1805-1812. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI200318921
- Fernandez Rego G, Ocio Achaerandio G, Gonzalez Cuervo V, Rodriquez Menendez C, Martinez Gonezalez C, Alvarez Alvarez, C. Presence of acute phase response in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Br J Ind Med. 1991;48(3):193-195.
- Agusti A, Edwards LD, Rennard SI, MacNee W, Tal-Singer R, Miller BE, et al. Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: A novel phenotype. PLoS One 2012;7(5):e37483. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037483