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A numerical study on the performance of the smoke exhaust system according to the smoke exhaust method in emergency station for railway tunnel

철도터널 구난역의 제연방식에 따른 제연성능에 관한 수치 해석적 연구

  • Ryu, Ji-Oh (Dept. of Automotive Engineering, Shin-Han University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Su (Fire Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University) ;
  • Seo, Jong-Won (Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shin-Han University)
  • 유지오 (신한대학교 자동차공학과) ;
  • 김진수 (인천대학교 소방방재연구센터) ;
  • 서종원 (신한대학교 임상병리과)
  • Received : 2017.09.06
  • Accepted : 2017.11.01
  • Published : 2017.11.30

Abstract

In the long railway tunnel, in order to secure safety in case of fire, it is required a emergency station. However, there is no standard or research results on smoke exhaust method and exhaust flow rate in emergency station, so it is necessary to study the smoke exhaust system for emergency station. In this study, we are created a numerical analysis model for emergency station where the evacuation cross passage connected to the service tunnel or the relative tunnel was installed at regular intervals (40 m intervals). And the fire analysis are carried out by varying the fire intensity (15, 30MW), the smoke exhaust method (only air supply, forced air supply and exhaust, forced air exhaust only), and the air flow rate (7, 14, $40m^3/s$). From the results of fire analysis, temperature and CO concentration are analyzed and ASET based on the limit temperature are compared at various condition. As a result, in the case with fire intensity of 15 MW, it is shown that a sufficiently safe evacuation environment can be ensured by applying forced air supply and exhaust method or forced air exhaust only method when the air flow rate is $7m^3/s$ above. In case of fire intensity of 30 MW, it is impossible to maintain the safety evacuation environment for more than 900 seconds when the exhaust air volume is below $14m^3/s$. And when the air flow rate is $40m^3/s$, the exhaust port is disposed at the side portion of the upper duct, which is most advantageous for securing the temperature-based safety.

초장대 철도터널에서는 화재 시 안전성 확보를 위해서 구난역을 설치하도록 하고 있으나, 구난역에서 제연방식 및 제연풍량에 대한 기준이나 연구결과는 없는 실정으로 제연방식과 적정풍량에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서비스터널이나 상대터널과 연결하는 피난연결통로가 일정간격(40 m 간격)으로 설치된 구난역을 모델링하고 화재강도(15, 30 MW), 제연방식(급기만하는 경우, 강제급배기를 하는 경우, 강제배기만을 하는 경우), 제연풍량(7, 14, $40m^3/s$)을 변화시켜 화재해석을 수행하였다. 화재해석결과로 부터 구난역 승강장의 온도 및 CO농도를 분석하고 한계온도 기준 ASET을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 화재강도가 15 MW일 때에는 제연풍량이 $7m^3/s$ 이상인 경우에 강제급배기하는 방식과 강제배연을 하는 방식을 적용하면 충분히 안전한 대피환경을 확보할 수가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 화재강도가 30 MW인 경우에는 배연풍량이 $14m^3/s$ 이하에서는 900초 이상 대피환경을 유지하는 것이 불가능하며, 풍량이 $40m^3/s$일 때에는 상부덕트의 측면부에서 배기하는 경우(SA + EA2, SA + EA4)가 온도측면에서 안전성 확보에 가장 유리한 것으로 나타나고 있다.

Keywords

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