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Effect of Physiochemical Properties of Seokganju on Functionality and Light Fastness

석간주의 이화학적 특성이 기능성 및 내광성에 미치는 영향 연구

  • Park, Ju Hyun (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jeong, Hye Yeong (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Mun, Seong Woo (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Woo, In Suk (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 박주현 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 정혜영 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 문성우 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 우인숙 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실)
  • Received : 2017.10.20
  • Accepted : 2017.11.13
  • Published : 2017.12.20

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functionality and lightfastness of the natural pigments according to the type of Seokganju used as Dancheong. The commercially available red iron-oxide-based natural pigments that are called Seokganju and Daija manufactured by traditional methods in Korea and Japan were selected. The analysis of the constituent minerals and constituents of 8 kinds of collected Seokganju showed that most of them contained hematite. There are two types of Seokganju according to the $Fe_2O_3$ contents. The type of Seokganju can be characterized not only using the main component but also from the burn-out processing. The chromaticity results for Seokganju with a high $Fe_2O_3$ concentration indicate dark red or grayish brown, while those for Seokganju with a low $Fe_2O_3$ concentration indicate yellowish red or yellowish brown. Samples were prepared by mixing with a glue solution and functional properties were evaluated based on the opacity and spreadability. Coated samples were used in the lightfastness test. The spreadability and opacity of the pigments were measured differently depending on the main component. Most Seokganju samples a showed slight color change until $9,000kJ/m^2$ but rapid color changes were detected after $18,000kJ/m^2$. In particular, burnt Seokganju showed superior lightfastness.

본 연구는 천연안료 중 단청용 적색안료로 주로 사용되는 석간주의 성분 및 물성에 따른 기능성 및 내광성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 한국과 일본에서 전통적인 방법으로 제조하여 시판되는 적색의 산화철계열 천연안료는 석간주와 대자라는 명칭으로 불리고 있으며 수집된 8종의 석간주를 대상으로 구성광물과 성분조성을 분석한 결과, 대부분 Hematite를 포함하고 있으며, 성분조성에 따라 $Fe_2O_3$함량이 40% 이상의 고함량인 그룹과 15%이하의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 또한 소성 여부에 따라서도 구분이 되는데 소성된 석간주의 경우 소성에 따라 운모의 상전이로 인한 색상 변화와 평균입도의 차이가 관찰되었다. 석간주 안료 자체의 색도를 분석한 결과 $Fe_2O_3$ 함량이 높은 시료들의 색도는 암적색, 회갈색인 반면, $Fe_2O_3$의 함량이 낮은 시료는 황갈색이나 황적색을 나타내었으며, 적색도 $a^*$를 결정하는 것은 산화철($Fe_2O_3$)의 함량이었다. 안료의 기능적인 특성을 확인하기 위해 아교를 석간주와 배합하여 발림성, 은폐력의 기능적 특성을 확인하였고, 결과 점토성 광물의 성분에 따라 상이한 결과를 얻었다. 내광성 평가를 통하여 색변에 대한 안정성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 안료의 발림성과 은폐력은 주구성광물에 따라 다르게 측정되었다. 내광성 평가 결과 대부분 누적광량이 $0{\sim}9,000KJ/m^2$까지는 색차가 크지 않지만 $18,000kJ/m^2$에서 크게 변색되었다. 특히 소성한 석간주는 소성하지 않은 석간주에 비해 내광성이 높게 나타난 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

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