Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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A Study on the Appearance Characteristic of Landscape Elements and Symbolic Elements Implied in Tablets - Focus on Korean Damyang Garden and Chinese Suzhou Garden -

편액에 함의된 경관 및 상징요소의 출현특성 - 한국의 담양원림과 중국의 소주원림을 중심으로 -

  • Ham, Kwang-Min (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Architecture, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Li, Shu-Hua (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Architecture, Tsinghua University) ;
  • Zhang, Ya-Ping (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University) ;
  • Mitani, Toru (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University) ;
  • Zhang, Jun-Hua (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University)
  • 함광민 (칭화대학교 건축대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 이수화 (칭화대학교 건축대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 장아평 (치바대학교 원예대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 미타니 토루 (치바대학교 원예대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 장준화 (치바대학교 원예대학원 조경학과)
  • Received : 2016.08.18
  • Accepted : 2016.12.09
  • Published : 2016.12.19
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Abstract

The comparative analysis result of appearance characteristic of landscape elements and symbolic elements implied by the tablets on the 16th century's Korean Damyang garden and Chinese Suzhou garden is as follows. First, among the landscape elements implied in the tablets, appearance rate of botanical factors appeared high in the gardens of both areas. Damyang garden displayed bamboo grove and natural forest around the garden, while Suzhou garden displayed artificial mountain(假山) created artificially and a variety of plants including lotus, bamboo, and pine surrounding it were associated with the significance of the tablets. On the other hand, climatic/celestial elements including the rain, wind, and the moon were associated with the tablets of Damyang garden, while the artificial factors such as the building, bridge, and book, etc. were mostly were associated with the tablets of Suzhou garden. Second, among the symbolic elements included in the tablets, ethical personality which is the basic virtue of a noble man(聖人), was the universal characteristic of the meditation world of the garden in both areas. However, a will for political stability was mostly associated with the tablets of Damyang garden, while the retrospect heart for the immortal was mostly associated with the signboard in Suzhou garden. It was concerned with political ideal and the thought of Confucianism respectively. Third, the symbolic elements that appeared frequently in the tablets of Damyang garden, "Ethics" and "Political stability", were associated with the scene atmosphere created by the climatic elements and celestial elements. On the contrary, the symbolic elements which most frequently appeared in the tablets of Suzhou garden, "Ethics", was associated with the symbolic significance of the plant. The invisible space of gardens was expanded by tablets in both areas.

16세기 한국의 담양원림과 중국 소주원림의 편액에 함의된 경관 및 상징요소의 출현특성을 비교분석한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 편액에 함의된 경관요소 중, 식물요소의 출현율이 양국 원림에서 높게 나타났다. 담양원림의 경우 원림 주변에 조성된 죽림과 자연림이, 소주 원림의 경우 인공적으로 조성한 가산(假山)과 수변 주변의 연, 대나무, 소나무를 포함한 다양한 식물이 편액의 의미에 반영 된 것이 특징이다. 반면, 풍경의 정취를 고조시키는 비, 바람, 달 등을 포함한 기후 및 천체요소는 담양원림의 편액과, 건물과 다리, 책 등을 포함한 인공요소는 소주원림의 편액과 관련되는 것이 특징이다. 이는 산수가 수려한 곳에 찾아 들어가 인공을 최소화하고 자연과의 합일을 미적 이상으로 삼는 한국원림의 특징과, 평탄한 곳에 원림의 경계와 경물을 인공적으로 조성하고 자연과의 동화를 미적 이상으로 삼는 중국원림의 특징을 명확히 하는 근거로 수렴될 수 있겠다. 둘째, 편액에 함의된 상징요소 중, 성인(聖人)의 기본덕목인 도덕적 인품이 두 지방 원림의 사유세계에 있어 보편적 특징으로 나타난다. 반면, 정치안정에 대한 의지는 담양원림의 편액과, 선조를 회고하고 기리는 마음은 소주원림의 편액과 관련되는 것이 특징이다. 이는 사회 정치적 양상과 연관된 것으로, 당시 호남세력들의 정치적 이상이, 강남 봉건세력들의 유교적 이념이 원림 향유 속에 드러난 것으로 이해된다. 셋째, 담양원림의 편액에 함의된 상징요소 "도덕"과 "정치안정"은 기후와 천체요소가 만들어내는 정경(情景)적 분위기와, 소주원림의 편액에 함의된 상징요소 "도덕"은 식물이 갖는 상징적인 의미와 깊게 관련되어 있고, 이는 한중 원림의 영역을 눈에 보이지 않는 비가시(非可視)영역으로 확장하는 특징과 연결된다.

Keywords

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