The Anti-osteoporosis Effects of Cassia tora L. Seed Ethanol Extract in Ovariectomixed Rats

결명자 주정추출물의 난소적출 랫드에서 항골다공증 효과

  • Lee, Mu-Jin (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • An, Byeong-Kwan (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Ho-Kyung (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Ho (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, A-Hyeon (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Joo (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Jang, Ji-Hun (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Sim, Mi-Ok (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Muk (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Min-Suk (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Seong, Tea-Gyeong (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Woo, Kyeong-Wan (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Jung-Hee (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Choon (College of Veterinary Medicine BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Cho, Hyun-Woo (Division of Tradition Korean Medicine Research, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
  • 이무진 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 안병관 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 정호경 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 이기호 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 김아현 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 이현주 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 장지훈 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 심미옥 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 김태묵 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 김민석 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 성태경 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 우경완 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 조정희 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부) ;
  • 김종춘 (전남대학교 수의과대학 BK21) ;
  • 조현우 (한약진흥재단 한약자원본부)
  • Received : 2016.10.14
  • Accepted : 2016.12.16
  • Published : 2016.12.30

Abstract

In our study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomized in female rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the postmenopausal type I pattern was examined by using the experimental substance Cassia tora (CT) ethanol extracts. Female rats were either sham-operated (sham; n=5) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX; five animals per group) and then administered to OVX control, raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) 1 mg/kg/day, or CT (20 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Serum osteocalcin and creatinine concentration were significantly lower in the CT 200 mg/kg/day group compared with the OVX control group. Serum progesterone concentration was significantly higher in the CT 200 mg/kg/day group compared with the OVX control group. Reduction grade of the trabecular bone decreased in the RLX 1 and CT 200 mg/kg/day group compared with that of the OVX control group. In conclusion, CT 200 mg/kg/day may have inhibitory effects on osteoporosis in OVX rats.

Keywords

References

  1. Kanis, J. A. (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group Osteoporos. Int. 4: 368-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01622200
  2. Anderson, J. J. (1992) The role of nutrition in the functioning of skeletal tissue. Nutr. Rev. 50: 388-394.
  3. Park, H. M. (2010) Current use of drugs for osteoporosis in Korea. Korean J. Obstet. Gynecol. 53: 152-159. https://doi.org/10.5468/kjog.2010.53.2.152
  4. Grodstein, F., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Joffe, M., Rosner, B., Fuchs, C., Hankinson, S. E., Hunter, D. J., Hennekens, C. H. and Speizer, F. E. (1997) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. New Engl. J. Med. 336: 1769-1775. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199706193362501
  5. Choi, H. J. (2013) Treatment for osteoporosis: focusing on bisphosphonate therapy. Korean J. Fam. Pract. 3: 16-24.
  6. Kang, M. J., Cho, J. Y., Shim, B. H., Kim, D. K. and Lee, J. H. (2009) Bioavailability enhancing activities of natural compounds from medicinal plants. J. Med. Plant. Res. 13: 1204-1211.
  7. Hong, K. H., Choi, W. H., Ahn, J., Jung, C. H. and Ha, T. Y. (2012) Physicochemical properties of ethanol extracts and dietary fiber from Cassia tora L. seed. Korean J. Food Nutr. 25: 612-619. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2012.25.3.612
  8. Professors of herbology in colleges of oriental medicine (2004) Herbology. Yeonglimsa, Seoul, Korea. 76-78, 549-550.
  9. Seo, C. S., Kim, J. H., Shin, H. K., Hwang, S. Y. and Kim, B. S. (2014) Quantitative Analysis of Anthraquinones in Cassiae Semen by Processing Method. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 45: 200-208.
  10. Byun, E., Jeong, G. S., An, R. B., Li, B., Lee, D. S., Ko, E. K., Yoon, K. H. and Kim, Y. C. (2007) Hepatoprotective compounds of Cassiae Semen on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 38: 400-402.
  11. Im, S. H., Choi, S. H., Lee, H. S. and Park, M. J. (2005) Antioxidative activity of some natural products which have been orientally used as ophthalmic drugs. J. Korean Oph. Opt. Soc. 10: 365-373.
  12. Koo, A., Wang, J. C. and Li, K. M. (1976) Extraction of hypotensive principles from seeds of Cassia tora. Am. J. Chinese Med. 4: 245-248. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X76000330
  13. Patil, U. K., Saraf, S. and Dixit, V. K. (2004) Hypolipidemic activity of seeds of Cassia tora Linn. J. Ethnopharmacol. 90: 249-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.10.007
  14. Lim, S. J. and Han, H. K. (1997) Hypoglycemic effect of fractions of Cassia tora extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J. Soc. Food. Sci. 13: 23-29.
  15. Bin-Hafeez, B., Ahmad, I., Haque, R. and Raisuddin, S. (2001) Protective effect of Cassia occidentalis L. on chclophosphamide- induced suppression of humoral immunity in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 75: 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00382-2
  16. Melhus, H., Miichaelsson, K., Holmberg, L., Wolk, A. and Ljunghall, S. (1999) Smoking, antioxidant, vitamins, and the risk of hip fracture. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14: 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.1.129
  17. Seo, J. Y., Kim, J. R. and Yoo, B. W. (2012) Interpretation of liver function test. Korean J. Fam. Pract. 2: 207-213.
  18. Kim, B. W., Lee, Y. B., Park, J. S., Park, J. W. and Hwang, S. Y. (2013) The effect of Red Ginseng extracts on blood biochemical parameters, bone density and bone inorganic components in ovariectomized rats. J. Digi. Poli. Manag. 11: 493-505.
  19. Akesson, K., Lau, K. H. W. and Baylink, D. J. (1997) Ratio nale for active vitamin D analog therapy in senile osteoporosis. Calcif. Tissue Int. 60: 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002239900195
  20. Black, L. J., Sato, M., Rowley, E. R., Magee, D. E., Bekele, A., Williams, D. C., Cullinan, G. J., Bendele, R., Kauffman, R. F., Bensch, W. R., Frolik, C. A., Termine, J. D. and Bryant, H. U. (1994) Raloxifene (LY139481 HCI) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J. Clin. Invest. 93: 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116985
  21. Kim, J. G., No, J. H., Hong, J. S., Kim, S. H., Choi, Y. M., Moon, S. Y. and Lee, J. Y. (2001) A study on risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Korean J. Obstet. Gynecol. 44: 1621-1626.
  22. National Institutes of Health (1984) Osteoporosis. Conn. Med. 48: 651-655.
  23. Han, K. O. (2005) Molecular pathophysiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Korean Soc. Menopause 11: 175-177. https://doi.org/10.1258/136218005775544327
  24. Abrahamsen, B. (2010) Bisphosphonate adverse effects, lessons from large databases. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 22: 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0b013e32833ad677
  25. Shane E., Burr, D., Abrahamsen, B., Adler, R. A., Brown, T. D., Cheung, A. M., Cosman, F., Curtis, J. R., Dell, R., Dempster, D. W., Ebeling, P. R., Einhorn, T. A., Genant, H. K., Geusens, P., Klaushofer, K., Lane, J. M., McKiernan, F., McKinney, R., Ng, A., Nieves, J., O'Keefe, R., Papapoulos, S., Howe, T. S., Meulen, M. C., Weinstein, R. S. and Whyte, M. P. (2010) Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J. Bone Miner Res. 25: 2267-2294. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.253
  26. Vijayalakshmi, A. and Madhira G. (2014) Anti-psoriatic activity of flavonoids from Cassia tora leaves using the rat ultraviolet B ray photodermatitis model. Rev. Bras. Farma. 24: 322-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.010
  27. Somekawa, Y., Chiguchi, M., Ishibashi, T. and Aso, T. (2001) Soy intake related to menopausal symptoms, serum lipids, and bone mineral density in post menopausal Japanese women. Obstet. Gynecol. 97: 109-115.
  28. Morabito, N., Crisafulli, A., Vergara, C., Gaudio, A., Lasco, A., Frisina, N., Anna, R., Corrado, F., Pizzoleo, M. A., Cincotta, M., Altavilla, D., Ientile, R. and Squadrito, F. (2002) Effects of genistein and hormone-replacement therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17: 1904-1912. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.10.1904
  29. Choi, H. S., Cha, S. S., Na, M. S., Shin, K. M. and Lee, M. Y. (2001) Effect of the ethanol extract of Cassia tora L. on antioxidative compounds and lipid metabolism in hepatotoxicity of rats-induced by ethanol. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 30: 1177-1183.
  30. Na, G. M., Han, H. S., Ye, S. H. and Kim, H. K. (2004) Extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of cassia tora L. extracts. Korean J. Food Culture 19: 499-505.
  31. Choi, L. S., Lee, H. J. and Kang, S. S. (1994) Alatemin, Cassiaside and Rubrofusarin gentiobioside, Radical Scavenging Principles from the Seeds of Cassia tora on 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical. Arch. Pharm. Res. 17: 462-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979126
  32. Li, M. and Wronski, T. J. (1995) Response of femoral neck to estrogen depletion and parathyroid hormone in aged rats. J. Bone Miner. Res. 16: 551-557.
  33. Johnell, O., Oden, A, Delaet, C., Garnero, P., Delmas, P. D. and Kanis, J. A. (2002) Biochemical indices of bone turnover and the assessment of fracture probability. Osteoporos. Int. 13: 523-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980200068
  34. Kim, S. J. (2003) Study on the relationship between osteoporosis- cause factor and bone mineral density, biochemical marker. MS Thesis. Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. p 28-29.
  35. Liu, G. and Peacock, M. (1998) Age-ralated changes in serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and its relationships with bone density, bine quality, and hip fracture. Calcif. Tissue Int. 62: 286-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002239900432
  36. McDonald, L. E. and Pineda, M. H. (1989) Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction, 303-354, Lea and Febiger Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  37. Heersche, J. N. M., Bellows, C. G. and Ishida, Y. (1998) The decrease in bone mass associated with aging and menopause. J. Prosthet. Dent. 79: 14-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(98)70187-8
  38. Lee, O. H. (2004) Effects of supplementation of Puerariae radix ethanol extract on the antioxidative defense system in rats. Korean J. Nutr. 37: 872-880.
  39. Thurman, R. G., Bradford, B. U., Limuro, Y., Keecht, K. T., Connor, H. D., Adachi, Y., Wall, C., Arteel, G. E., Releigh, J. A., Forman, D. T. and Mason, R. P. (1977) Role of kupffer cells, endotoxin and free radicals in hepatotoxicity due to prolonged alcohol consumption: studies in female and male rats. J. Nutr. 127: 903S-906S.
  40. Morel, D. W. and Chisolm, G. M. (1989) Antioxidant treatment of diabetic rats inhibits lipoprotein oxidation and cytotoxicity. J. Lipid Res. 30: 1827-1834.
  41. Maeng, Y. S., Choi, M. S., Ahn, I. S. and Kim, D. I. (2012) Effects of Sagunjatang-Gami on uterine and ovarian function in the ovariectomized rat postmenopause model. J. Orient. Obstet. Gynecol. 25: 012-026.
  42. Kimmel, D. B. (1996) Animal models for in vivo experimentation in osteoporosis research, 671-690, Osteoporosis Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.