The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Semi-daily Variations in Populations of the Dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata and Oxyphysis oxytoxoides and a Mixotrophic Ciliate Prey Mesodinium rubrum in Masan Bay

마산만에서 와편모류 Dinophysis acuminata 및 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides와 먹이생물 섬모류인 Mesodinium rubrum의 단주기적 개체군 변동

  • KIM, SUNJU (Research Institute for Basic Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • YOON, JIHAE (LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University) ;
  • KIM, MIRAN (LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University) ;
  • PARK, MYUNG GIL (LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2015.07.27
  • Accepted : 2015.08.10
  • Published : 2015.08.31
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Abstract

Recent laboratory studies have documented that mixotrophic dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp. and heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyphysis oxytoxoides share a common prey, i.e. the mixotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Nonetheless, very little is known about the population dynamics and species interactions among these protists in natural environments. To investigate the interactions between the dinoflagellate predators and their ciliate prey in the field, we took the samples twice a day from 26 July to 28 August, 2011 at a fixed station in Masan Bay and analyzed their abundances. During this study, salinity was highly variable, ranging from 5 to 28, due to the periodic input of rainfalls to the sampling station. Water temperature was on average $26.5^{\circ}C$ until 20 August and thereafter was about $21^{\circ}C$ by the end of the sampling period. The ciliate M. rubrum occurred persistently throughout the sampling period, ranging from 13 to $492\;cells\;mL^{-1}$. Cell densities of D. acuminata and O. oxytoxoides ranged from undetectable level to $19,833\;cells\;L^{-1}$ and from undetectable level to $100,333\;cells\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The high abundance of D. acuminata mostly followed the blooming of the ciliate M. rubrum, but it often did not peak even during heavy blooms of the prey, probably due to sensitivity to large salinity fluctuation and also presumably overlapped grazing by other mixotrophic dinoflagellates. The abundance of O. oxytoxoides was detected only when water temperature was lower than $24^{\circ}C$, indicating that water temperature is an important environmental factor to control the population dynamics of the dinoflagellate species.

실내 배양체를 이용한 최근의 연구들은 혼합영양성 와편모류 Dinophysis와 종속영양성 와편모류 Oxyphysis oxytoxoides가 둘 다 혼합영양성 섬모류인 Mesodinium rubrum을 먹이생물로 이용하여 잘 성장한다는 점을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구는 자연 생태계에서 포식자인 D. acuminata 및 O. oxytoxoides와 그들의 먹이인 M. rubrum사이의 상호작용을 연구할 목적으로 2011년 7월말부터 8월말까지 한 달간에 걸쳐 마산만의 한 고정 정점에서 하루 2회씩 개체군 변동을 모니터링 하였다. 본 연구동안 염분은 강수량이 높게 나타난 시기에 최소 5까지 급격하게 낮아지다가 강수량이 감소하는 8월말로 갈수록 약 28까지 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈고, 수온은 8월 20일까지는 평균적으로 $26.5^{\circ}C$를 유지하였으나, 이후에는 평균 $21^{\circ}C$를 유지하였다. M. rubrum은 연구기간 동안 지속적으로 출현하였으나 그 변동 폭($13-492\;cells\;mL^{-1}$)이 매우 컸다. D. acuminata와 O. oxytoxoides의 개체수는 각각 $n.d.-19,833\;cells\;L^{-1}$와 $n.d.-100,333\;cells\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 나타냈다. 전반적으로 D. acuminata와 먹이생물인 M. rubrum의 개체수 출현 양상은 시간차를 두고 서로 밀접한 관계를 보이기도 하였으나, M. rubrum이 높은 밀도로 출현함에도 불구하고 D. acuminata의 대번식이 일어나지 않는 경우가 존재하였는데, 이러한 이유는 극심한 염분의 변화 및 포식 등의 결과로 판단된다. 한편, O. oxytoxoides는 M. rubrum이 지속적으로 출현함에도 불구하고 $19-24^{\circ}C$의 수온 범위에서만 출현한 결과로 볼 때, 먹이생물의 부족보다는 수온 등의 환경요인이 O. oxytoxoides의 밀도 변화에 큰 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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