The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (응용통계연구)

The Korean Statistical Society (한국통계학회)
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Why were National Welfare Pension Act of 1973 and the National Pension Act of 1986 Legislated?: From the Viewpoint of Response to the Demographic Bonus

1973년 국민복지연금법과 1986년 국민연금법은 왜 제정되었는가?: 인구학적 보너스에 대한 대응이라는 시점

  • Received : 2015.07.17
  • Accepted : 2015.07.30
  • Published : 2015.08.31
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Abstract

The National Welfare Pension Act of 1973 and the National Pension Act of 1986 were legislated for an anticipative response to future population ageing. But the enforcement of these acts gained momentum as they became effective tools to realize the present potential demographic bonus. This article investigates the history related to the enactment of these two acts, focusing on these acts' role in raising funds managed by the government (National Investment Fund and National Housing Fund). This article shows the historical origin of full-dress debates on the sustainability of the National Pension Fund.

기존 연구들은 1973년 국민복지연금법과 1986년 국민연금법의 제정을 인구 고령화에 대한 선제적 대응이라는 시점에서 고찰하지만, 본 논문은 이 법들이 잠재적인 인구학적 보너스를 실제적인 인구학적 보너스로 구현하려는 국가주도의 대응 과정 속에서, 필요한 자금을 적립식 연금제도로 조달하고자 제정되었다고 본다. 이와 같은 시점에 서면, 국민복지연금법의 제정, 시행 연기, 개정 등을 국가적 자본 및 자산 형성체계와 결합하여 고찰할 수 있다. 1973년' 국민복지연금법은 중화학공업 건설 및 수출진흥을 위한 자금 조성을 위해 제정되었지만, 1차 오일쇼크를 배경으로 발생한 브래킷 크리프 현상으로 실시하기 어렵게 되자, 대안적인 재원조달 방법을 마련함으로써 시행 연기되었다. 1986년의 국민연금법은 1980년대 전반 정부관리 기금의 재원 조성 위기를 배경으로 하여 제정되었는데, 갹출금을 부담할 대상들이 국민연금제도를 수용할 유인을 강화하기 위해 수지상등이 성립하지 않는 적립방식으로 구상되었으며, 적립금의 상당부분은 공공부문 투자에 활용되었다. 국민연금제도와 관련하여 적립금의 운영 방식과 재정안정성을 위한 개혁방안이 논의될 수밖에 없게 된 것은 이와 같은 제정 배경 때문이었다.

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