DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

정부 및 공공기관의 보건 관련 웹 사이트의 웹 접근성 - 자동 및 전문가 평가 -

Web Accessibility of Healthcare Websites of Korean Government and Public Agencies: Automated and Expert Evaluations

  • 이용정 (성균관대학교 문헌정보학과)
  • 투고 : 2015.12.05
  • 심사 : 2015.12.17
  • 발행 : 2015.12.30

초록

본 연구는 정부 및 공공기관의 보건 관련 웹 사이트들의 웹 접근성을 한국형 지침에 따라 평가하여 장애인이나 노령자들과 같은 정보이용 소외집단들이 겪을 수 있는 문제점들을 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 총 27개의 보건 관련 웹 사이트의 접근성을 자동평가 및 전문가 평가를 수행하여 측정하였다. 두 단계의 평가를 실시한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 국립병원이나 국립재활원 등과 같은 의료기관들은 웹 접근성 오류가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 외에도 건강보험심사평가원, 보건복지부, 보건사업진흥원, 식품의약품안전처, 그리고, 한국의료분쟁 조정중재원 등은 웹 접근성 준수율이 매우 높았다. 그러나 전문가 평가를 실시한 결과, 자동평가에서는 오류가 없는 것으로 나타났던 적절한 대체텍스트의 제공이 매우 미흡한 것으로 나타났으며, 텍스트 콘텐츠의 명도 대비가 표준에 미치지 않아 전맹자나 저시력자들의 웹 접근성을 지원하기 힘든 것으로 평가되었다. 그 외에도 기본언어표시와 마크업 오류 등 정확한 정보의 전달을 어렵게 하는 문제들이 나타났고, 반복영역 건너뛰기, 콘텐츠 선형화, 그리고 키보드 사용보장을 준수하지 않는 문제들이 발견되어 시각장애뿐 아니라 인지장애 내지 운동장애가 있는 이용자에게는 웹 접근성을 심각하게 방해하는 요소가 될 수 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구는 국내 연구로서는 처음으로 정부 및 공공기관의 보건관련 웹 사이트들의 접근성을 한국형 지침에 따라 평가했다. 또한, 이러한 웹 사이트들을 대상으로 자동 평가로 측정하기 어려운 웹 접근성의 정도와 상세한 내용 분석을 포괄하는 전문가 평가를 수행했다는 점에서 웹 접근성 연구 분야에 기여했다고 볼 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to identify Web accessibility issues of healthcare websites of the Korean government and public agencies by evaluating these websites' accessibility in accordance with the Korean Web Contents Accessibility Guideline. This study conducted both automated and expert testing to assess the accessibility of a total of 27 health-related websites. The results of the assessment which was conducted in two stages indicated that institutions such as the National Hospital and National Rehabilitation Center demonstrated almost no Web accessibility error. In addition, the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Health Services Agency, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency attained very high web accessibility. However, the results of an expert evaluation highlighted that there were considerable errors in providing appropriate alternative text, which was not found in the automated test, and the color contrast of the text content did not comply with Web accessibility standard. Therefore, these websites did not support web accessibility for the sight-impaired. Furthermore, the present study found that it was difficult to deliver accurate information to users due to errors in the default language display and markup, and also, issues of skipping repeated content, content linearization, and compliance with keyboard use were considered as challenges that might arise for people with sight, cognitive and mobility impairments with respect to Web accessibility. It is the first study that evaluated accessibility of healthcare websites of the Korean government and public agencies based on the Korean Web Contents Accessibility Guideline. The present study made a contribution to research on Web accessibility by conducting expert testing, which provided a more complete assessment that identified the degree and specific issues of accessibility errors when compared to automated testing.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 강영무, 홍순구, 김동완, 차윤숙. 2012. 웹 접근성을 준수한 웹 사이트 제작에 영향을 미치는 요인. 한국IT서비스학회지, 11(1): 1-14.(Kang, Youngmoo, Soongoo Hong, Dongwan Kim, and Yoonsook Cha. 2012. "Analyses of factorsaffecting accessible website design." Journal of the Korea Society of IT Services, 11(1):1-14.) https://doi.org/10.9716/KITS.2012.11.1.001
  2. 김황용. 2013. 장애인과 인터넷: 웹 접근성 평가 도구 비교. 디지털정책연구, 11(10): 373-378.(Kim, Hwangyong. 2013. "Handicapped persons and Internet: Comparing Web accessibilityevaluation tools." The Journal of Digital Policy & Management, 11(10): 373-378.)
  3. 노영희. 2013. CHI 서비스 활성화를 위한 협력네트워크시스템 구축에 관한 연구. 한국문헌정보학회지, 47(2): 265-291.(Noh, Younghee. 2013. "A Study on constructing collaborative network systems for vitalizingCHI services." Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, 47(2):265-291.) https://doi.org/10.4275/KSLIS.2013.47.2.265
  4. 다음. 2014. Web standard Darum [online]. [cited 2014.12.20]. .(Daum. 2014. Web standard Darum [online]. [cited 2014.12.20]..)
  5. 류영일, 하성필, 김혜일, 성영한. 2014. 장애인차별금지법 대응을 위한 웹접근성과 품질인증. 의왕시: 에이콘출판.(Ryu, Yongil, Seongphil Ha, Hyeil Kim, and Younghan Sung. 2014. Web Accessibility andQuality Verification to Comply with Disability Discrimination Act. Uiwang: Acon Publisng.)
  6. 문태은, 문형남. 2009. 국내 중앙행정기관 웹 사이트의 접근성과 사용성 평가 및 개선방안 연구. 대한경영학회지, 22(3): 1511-1535.(Moon, Tae-Eun and Hyung-Nam Moon. 2009. "A study on the evaluation and improvementmethods of web accessibility and usability of Korea government department websites."DAEHAN Association of Business Administration, 22(3): 1511-1535.)
  7. 보건복지부. 2014. [cited 2014.12.30]. .(Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2014. [cited 2014.12.30]. .)
  8. 박옥남. 2014. 공공도서관 모바일 웹 접근성 평가에 관한 연구. 한국문헌정보학회지, 48(1): 415-439.(Park, Ok Nam. 2014. "A Study on the evaluation of the mobile Web accessibility of publiclibrary services." Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, 48(1):415-439.) https://doi.org/10.4275/KSLIS.2014.48.1.415
  9. 서은경, 김희정. 2008. 국립도서관의 웹 접근성 비교분석 연구. 한국문헌정보학회지, 42(3): 345-364.(Seo, Eun-Gyoung and Hee-Jung Kim. 2008. "Comparative analysis of Web accessibility innational libraries." Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science,42(3): 345-364.) https://doi.org/10.4275/KSLIS.2008.42.3.345
  10. 신재한, 권택환. 2011. 장애 유형별 특수학교 홈페이지의 웹 접근성 분석 및 개선 방안 탐색. 지적장애연구, 13(3): 205-225.(Shin, Jae-Han and Taek-Hwan Kwon. 2011. "Types of disability in special schools, homeimprovement, and an analysis of Web accessibility navigation." Journal of IntellectualDisabilities, 13(3): 205-225.)
  11. 이원경, 서은경. 2013. 장애인의 웹 접근성 향상을 위한 웹사이트 설계. 정보관리학회지, 30(1): 193-219.(Lee, Won-Kyung and Eun-Gyoung Seo. 2013. "Website design for improving Web accessibilityof disabled people." Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management, 30(1):193-219.) https://doi.org/10.3743/KOSIM.2013.30.1.193
  12. 이윤희. 2009. 주요국의 웹 접근성 추진동향 및 시사점. Chief Information Officer Report, 16: 1-35.(Lee, Yoonhee. 2009. "Web accessibility trends and insights." Chief Information Officer Report,16: 1-35.)
  13. 이재응. 2013. 2012 신(新) 디지털 격차 현황 분석 및 제언. 서울: 한국정보화진흥연구원.(Lee, Jaeoong. 2013. An Analysis and Suggestions of New Digital Disparity 2012. Seoul: NationalInformation Society Agency.)
  14. 이희연, 채수정. 2013. 국내 장애 관련 웹 접근성 연구 동향 분석. 특수아동교육연구, 15(4): 57-76.(Lee, Hee Yeon and Soo Jung Chae. 2013. "A Literature Review on the Web-Accessibility forPeople with Disabilities in Korea." The Korean Association for Children with SpecialNeeds, 15(4): 57-76.)
  15. 임정효, 홍현진. 2015. 공공도서관 모바일 웹 서비스 접근성 평가에 관한 연구. 한국비블리아학회지, 26(1): 343-360.(Lim, Junghyo and Hyunjin Hong. 2015. "A Study on the Evaluation of the Mobile WebAccessibility of Public Library Services." Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Libraryand Information Science, 26(1): 343-360.) https://doi.org/10.14699/KBIBLIA.2015.26.1.343
  16. 웹 접근성 연구소. 2009. 한국형 웹 콘텐츠 접근성 지침 2.0 [online]. [cited 2014.12.20]. .(Web Accessibility Laboratory. 2009. The Korean Web Contents Accessibility Guideline 2.0[online]. [cited 2014.12.20]. .)
  17. 웹 접근성 연구소. 2014. K-WHA 4.0 [online]. [cited 2014.12.20]. .(Web Accessibility Laboratory. 2014. K-WHA 4.0 [online]. [cited 2014.12.20]..)
  18. 장영범. 2010. 실버 세대를 위한 웹사이트 디자인 전략에 관한 연구 - 웹 접근성의 관점에서. 한국디자인문화학회지, 16(3): 479-487.(Jang, Young Bum. 2010. "A Study on Design Strategy of Website for Seniors - Focused onWeb Accessibility." The Korean Society of Design and Culture, 16(3): 479-487.)
  19. 조윤희. 2009. 시각장애인을 위한 공공도서관의 웹 접근성 제고 방안. 한국문헌정보학회지, 43(3): 335-354.(Cho, Yoon-Hee. 2009. "A Study on enhancing Web accessibility for visually impaired peoplein public libraries." Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science,43(3): 335-354.) https://doi.org/10.4275/KSLIS.2009.43.3.335
  20. 주헌식. 2009. 공공기관 및 IT 대기업의 웹 접근성 현황에 관한 연구. 한국컴퓨터정보학회, 14(10): 175-187.(Joo, Heon-Sik. 2009. "A Study on Web accessibility of public agencies and IT companies." Journalof the Korea Society of Computer and Information, 14(10): 175-187.)
  21. 한국정보화진흥원. 2014. 웹 접근성 연구소 [online]. [cited 2015.2.20]. .(National Information Society Agency. 2014. Web Accessibility Laboratory [online]. [cited2015.2.20]. .)
  22. 홍순구, 박지용, 이대형. 2006. 한국과 미국 정부기관의 웹 접근성 평가를 통한 자동화 평가 도구의 문제점 및 개선 방안에 관한 연구. 한국산업정보학회논문지, 11(1): 38-48.(Hong, Soon-goo, Ji-yong Park, and Dae-hyung Lee. 2006. "A Study on the Algorithms for Web Accessibility Evaluations." Korean Society of Industrial Information Systems, 11(1):38-48.)
  23. Abu-Doush, I., A. Bany-Mohammed, E. Ali, and M. A. Al-Betar. 2013. "Towards more accessible e-government in Jordan: An evaluation study of visually impaired users and Web developers." Behaviour & Information Technology, 32(3): 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.630416
  24. Andres, J. D., P. Lorca, and A. B. Martinez. 2009. "Economic and financial factors for the adoption and visibility effects of Web accessibility: The case of European banks." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(9): 1769-1780. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21103
  25. Brobst, J. 2009. "Evaluating the accessibility of Florida's public library home pages." Libri, 59(2): 88-103.
  26. Brobst, J. 2012. United States federal health care websites: A multimethod evaluation of website accessibility for individuals with disabilities. Ph. D. diss., The Florida State University.
  27. Brophy, P. and J. Craven. 2007. "Web accessibility." Library Trends, 55(4): 950-972. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2007.0029
  28. Disability Rights Commission. 2004. The Web: Access and Inclusion for Disabled People. London: The Stationary Office [online]. [cited 2014.10.30]. .
  29. Edwards, A. D. 2008. Assistive technologies. In Web Accessibility (pp. 142-162). London: Springer.
  30. Farrelly, G. 2011. "Practitioner barriers to diffusion and implementation of web accessibility." Technology and Disability, 23(4): 223-232.
  31. Fox, S. 2008. "The Engaged e-patient Population." Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.
  32. Friedman, M. G. and D. N. Bryen. 2007. "Web accessibility design recommendations for people with cognitive disabilities." Technology and Disability, 19(4): 205-212.
  33. Fulton, C. 2011. "Web accessibility, libraries, and the law." Information Technology and Libraries, 30(1): 34. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v30i1.3043
  34. Genuis, S. K. 2012. "Constructing 'sense' from evolving health information: A Qualitative investigation of information seeking and sense making across sources." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8): 1553-1566. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22691
  35. Gould, E. and R. Gomez. 2010. "New challenges for libraries in the information age: a comparative study of ICT in public libraries in 25 countries." Information Development, 26: 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666910367739
  36. Green, R. A. and J. Huprich. 2009. "Web accessibility and accessibility instruction." Journal of Access Services, 6(1-2): 116-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/15367960802247825
  37. Hill, H. 2013. "Disability and accessibility in the library and information science literature: A content analysis." Library & Information Science Research, 35(2): 137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2012.11.002
  38. Jaeger, P. T. 2006. "Assessing Section 508 compliance on federal e-government websites: A multi-method, user-centered evaluation of accessibility for persons with disabilities." Government Information Quarterly, 23(2): 169-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2006.03.002
  39. Jaeger, P. T. 2008. "User-centered policy evaluations of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act evaluating e-government web sites for accessibility for persons with disabilities." Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 19(1): 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207308315274
  40. Parmanto, B. 2010. "Web accessibility: A foundation for research." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(3): 634-635. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21209
  41. Riley-Huff, D. A. 2012. "Chapter 4: Web accessibility and universal design." Library Technology Reports, 48(7): 29-35.
  42. Royal National Institute of the Blind. 2014. Background on Web accessibility - Web Access Centre.
  43. Schmetzke, A. and D. Comeaux. 2009. "Accessibility trends among academic library and library school web sites in the USA and Canada." Journal of Access Services, 6(1-2): 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/15367960802286286
  44. Section 508. 2013. Section 508 standards guide [online]. [cited 2014.12.28]. .
  45. Thompson, T., S. Burgstahler, and D. Comden. 2006. "Research on Web accessibility in higher education." Journal of Information Technology and Disabilities, 9(2).
  46. World Wide Web Consortium. 1999. Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 [online]. [cited 2014.12.28]. .
  47. World Wide Web Consortium. 2008. Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 [online]. [cited 2014.12.28]. .
  48. World Wide Web Consortium. 1994-2014. Web accessibility initiative (WAI) [online]. [cited 2014.12.28]. .
  49. World Wide Web Consortium. 1994-2012. Introduction to Web accessibility, What is Web Accessibility [online]. [cited 2014.12.28]. .
  50. Yi, Y. 2015. "Compliance of Section 508 in public library systems with the largest percentage of underserved populations." Government Information Quarterly, 32(1): 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.11.005
  51. Yi, Y., B. Stvilia, and L. Mon. 2012. "Cultural influences on seeking quality health information: An exploratory study of the Korean community." Library & Information Science Research, 34(1): 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2011.06.001

피인용 문헌

  1. 국내 HCI 분야 문헌정보학 연구의 역할 분석과 방향성 고찰 vol.33, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3743/kosim.2016.33.2.177
  2. 병원 웹사이트 방사선 관련 픽토그램 평가 vol.42, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.17946/jrst.2019.42.4.301