Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of LED mixed light conditions on the glucosinolate pathway in brassica rapa

배추 유묘의 글루코시놀레이트 합성 기작에 미치는 LED 혼합광의 효과

  • Moon, Junghyun (Functional Biomaterial Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Mi Jeong (Functional Biomaterial Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Soo In (Functional Biomaterial Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Jun Gu (Department of Horticulture, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Hwang, Hyunseung (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yu, Jaewoong (Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Rok (Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University) ;
  • Park, Se Won (Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Jin A (Functional Biomaterial Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 문정현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생물소재공학과) ;
  • 정미정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생물소재공학과) ;
  • 이수인 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생물소재공학과) ;
  • 이준구 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학) ;
  • 황현승 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 유재웅 (건국대학교 분자생명공학과) ;
  • 김용록 (연세대학교 이과대학 화학과) ;
  • 박세원 (건국대학교 분자생명공학과) ;
  • 김진아 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 생물소재공학과)
  • Received : 2015.06.09
  • Accepted : 2015.08.05
  • Published : 2015.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the agricultural industries, LEDs are used as supplementary, as well as main lighting sources in closed cultivation systems. In cultivation using artificial light sources, various light qualities have been tried to supplement fluorescent lamps to promote plant growth and metabolism. Microarray analysis of Brassica rapa seedlings under blue and fluorescent mixed with blue light conditions identified changes in three genes of the glucosinolate pathway. This attracted attention as functional materials highly expressed 3.6-4.6 fold under latter condition. We selected four more genes of the glucosinolate pathway from the Brassica database and tested their expression changes under fluorescent light mixed with red, green, and blue, respectively. Some genes increased expression under red and blue mixed conditions. The Bra026058, Bra015379, and Bra021429; the orthologous genes of CYP79F1, ST5a, and FMOGS-OX1 in Arabidopsis, are highly expressed in Brassica rapa under fluorescent mixed with blue light conditions. Further, Bra029355, Bra034180, Bra024634, and Bra022448; the orthologous genes of MAM1, AOP3, UGT74B1, and BCAT4 in Arabidopsis, are highly expressed in Brassica rapa under fluorescent mixed with red light conditions. The various light conditions had unique effects on the varieties of Brassica, resulting in differences in glucosinolate synthesis. However, in some varieties, glucosinolate synthesis increased under mixed blue light conditions. These results will help to construct artificial light facilities, which increase functional crops production.

농업에서의 LED는 단지 광을 보충해주는 역할로만 이용되는 것뿐 아니라, 시설 재배 시스템에 있어 매우 중요한 주광원이다. 인공광을 이용한 시설재배에서 주광인 형광등에 다양한 파장의 광질을 혼합하여 식물의 생육 및 대사를 증진시키는 시도가 있어 왔다. 주광인 형광등에 청색광을 혼합한 조건과 청색 단독광 조건을 배추 유묘에 조사한 후 마이크로어레이 분석을 수행한 결과 배추 속 작물의 기능성 물질로 주목을 받고 있는 글루코시놀레이트 합성에 관여하는 일부 유전자들 중 청색 혼합광 조건에서 3.6-4.6배는 증가 하는 유전자 3개를 찾을 수 있었다. 글루코시놀레이트 합성 유전자를 배추 데이터베이스에서 더 선발하여 적, 녹, 청색광을 형광등에 각각 혼합한 조건에 반응하여 발현이 변하하는지 관찰하였는데 청색광 혼합 조건뿐아니라 적색광 혼합 조건에서도 발현이 증가하는 유전자들이 있었다. 각각 애기장대 CYP79F1, ST5a, FMOGS-OX1와 이종상동 유전자인 Bra026058, Bra015379와 Bra021429는 청색광 조건에서 발현량이 증가하였으나 MAM1, AOP3, UGT74B1, BCAT4의 이종상동유전자인 Bra029355, Bra034180, Bra024634, Bra022448은 청색광 보다 적색 혼합광 조건에서 발현이 증가하였다. 혼합광 처리에 의한 글루코시놀레이트 합성의 효과는 배추 품종에 따라 차이를 보였으나 몇가지 글루코시놀레이트가 청색광을 혼합한 조건에서 합성이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 유묘의 생육 시설에서 기능적으로 우수한 작물을 생산하는 인공광 조건을 조성하는데 유용한 기초 자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. An CG, Hwang YH, An JU, Yoon HS, Chang YH, Shon GM, Hwang SJ (2011) Effect of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) irradiation on growth of paprika (Capsicum annuum 'Cupra'). J Bio-Env Cont 20:253-257
  2. Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, Davis AP, Dolinski K, Dwight SS, Eppig JT, Harris MA, Hill DP, Issel-Tarver L, Kasarskis A, Lewis S, Matese JC, Richardson JE, Ringwald M, Rubin GM, Sherlock G (2000) Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat Genet 25:25-29 https://doi.org/10.1038/75556
  3. Awad MA, Wagenmakers PS, Jager AD (2001) Effects of light on flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in the skin of 'Jonagold' apples. Sci Hort 88:289-298 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00215-6
  4. Brew CT, Aronchik I, Kosco K, McCammon J, Bjeldanes LF, Firestone GL (2009) Indole-3-carbinol inhibits MDA-MB- 231 breast cancer cell motility and induces stress fibers and focal adhesion formation by activation of Rho kinase activity. Int J Cancer 124:2294-2302 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24210
  5. Butler WL, Siegelman HW, Miller CO (1964) Denaturation of phytochrome. Biochem 3:851-857 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00894a022
  6. Cha YS, Oh SH (2000) Investigation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in Chinese cabbage and effects of the cabbage diets on lipid metabolism and liver function of rats administered with ethanol. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 29:500-505
  7. Cho JA, Son DM, Kim JM, Seo BS, Yan SY, Kim BW, Heo BG (2008) Effects of LEDs on the germination, growth and physiological activities of amaranth sprouts. Kor J Hort Sci Technol 26:106-112
  8. Choi MK, Baek GY, Kwon SJ, Yoon YC, Kim HT (2014) Effect of LED light wavelength on lettuce growth, vitamin C and anthocyanin contents. Protected Hort and Plant Factory 23:19-25 https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2014.23.1.019
  9. Du Z, Zhou X, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Su Z (2010) agriGO: a GO analysis toolkit for the agricultural community. Nucleic Acids Res 38:W64-W70 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq310
  10. Ebisawa M, Shoji K, Kato M, Shimomura K, Goto F, Yoshihara T (2008) Supplementary ultraviolet radiation B together with blue light at night increased quercetin content and flavonol synthase gene expression in leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Environ Control Biol 46:1-11
  11. Faulkner K, Mithen R, Williamson G (1998) Selective increase of the potential anticarcinogen 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate in broccoli. Carcinogenesis 19:605-609 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/19.4.605
  12. Halliwell B (1997) Antioxidants: the basics-what they are and how to evaluate them. Adv Pharmacol 38:3-20
  13. Hangarter RP (1997) Gravity, light and plant form. Plant Cell Environ 20:796-800 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-124.x
  14. Heo JW, Lee YB, Kim DE, Chang YS, Chun C (2010) Effects of supplementary LED lighting on growth and biochemical parameters in Dieffenbachia amoena 'Camella' and Ficus elastica 'Melany'. Kor J Hort Sci Technol 28:51-58
  15. Huseby S, Koprivova A, Lee BR, Saha S, Mithen R, Wold AB, Bengtsson GB, Kopriva S (2013) Diurnal and light regulation of sulphur assimilation and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 64:1039-1048 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers378
  16. Hwang MK, Huh CS, Seo YJ (2004) Optic characteristics comparison and anlaysis of SMD type Y/G/W HB LED. J Kor Ins Illumin Electric Install Eng 18:51-21
  17. Irizarry RA, Bolstad BM, Collin F, Cope LM, Hobbs B, Speed TP (2003) Summaries of Affimetrix GeneChip probe level data. Nucleic Acids Res 31:e15 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gng015
  18. Johkan M, Shoji K, Goto F, Hashida S, Yoshihara T (2010) Blue light-emitting diode light irradiation of seedlings improves seedling quality and growth after transplanting in red leaf lettuce. Hortscience 45:1809-1814
  19. Kim JA, Kim JS, Hong JK, Lee YH, Choi BS, Seol YJ, Jeon CH (2012) Comparative mapping, genomic structure, and expression analysis of eight pseudo-response regulator genes in Brassica rapa. Mol Genet Genomics 287:373-388 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-012-0682-z
  20. Kim JA, Lee YH, Hong JK, Hong SC, Lee SI, Choi SG, Moon YS, Koo BS (2013) Effects of light quality using LEDs on expression patterns in Brassica rapa seedlings. Kor J Hort Sci Technol 31:607-616
  21. Kim JK, Chu SM, Kim SJ, Lee DJ, Lee SY, Lim SH, Ha SH, Kweon SJ, Cho HS (2010) Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis. Food Chem 119:423-428 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.051
  22. Kim JW (2010) Trend and direction for plan factory system. J Plant Biotechnol 37:442-455 https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2010.37.4.442
  23. Kim MR (2004) Bioactivities of sulfur compounds in cruciferous vegetables. 2004 Annual meeting and international symposium on the current prospects of functional and medical food. Jeju. The Korean Society of FSN. p.150-157
  24. Klein RM (1979) Reversible effect of green and orange-red radiation on plant cell elongation. Plant Physiol 63:114-116 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.63.1.114
  25. Kojima M, Nakano Y, Fujii H (2010) Light stimulation triggered expression of genes coding for vacuolar proton-pump enzymes V-ATPase and V-PPase in buckwheat. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 74:1507-1511 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.100283
  26. Kopsell DA, Kopsell DE (2008) Genetic and environmental factors affecting plant lutein/zeaxanthin. Agro Food Ind Hi-Tech 19:44-46
  27. Lee JJ, Lee YM, Shin HD, Jeong YS, Lee MY (2007) Effects of vegetable sprout power mixture on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36:965-974 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.8.965
  28. Lee NY, Lee MJ, Kim YK, Park JC, Park HK, Choi JS, Hyun JN, Kim KJ, Park KH, Ko JK, Kim JG (2010) Effect of light emitting diode radiation on antioxidant activity of barley leaf. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 53:685-690 https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2010.104
  29. Lund EK, Smith TK, Clarke RG, Johnson IT (2001) Cell death in the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 in response to glucosinolate metabolites. J Sci Food Agric 81:959-961 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.904
  30. Lund JB, Blom TJ, Aaslyng JM (2007) End-of-day lighting with different red/far-red ratios using light-emitting diodes affects plant growth of Chrysanthemum $\times$ morifolium Ramat. 'Coral Charm'. HortScience 24:1609-1611
  31. Mun JH, Kim JA, Park SW(2014) Effect of light quality on the glucosinolate pathway in Brassica rapa seedling. Konkuk University master's thesis.
  32. Nagaharu U (1935) Genome analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization. Japan J Bot 7:389-452
  33. Okamoto K, Yanagi T, Takita S, Tanaka M, Higuchi T, Ushida Y, Watanabe T (1996) Development of plant growth apparatus using blue and red LED as artificial light source. Acta Hort 440:111-116
  34. Osawa T, Katsuzaki H, Hagiwara H, Hagiwara H, Shibamoto T (1992) A novel antioxidant isolated from young green barley leaves. J Agric Food Chem 40:1135-1138 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00019a009
  35. Padilla G, Cartea M, Velasco P, de Haro A, Ordas A (2007) Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica rapa. Phytochem 68:4536-4545
  36. Pedras MSC, Sarwar MG, Suchy M, Adio AM (2006) The phytoalexins from cauliflower, caulilexins A, B and C: Isolation, structure determination, synthesis and antifungal activity. Phytochem 67:1503-1509 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.05.020
  37. Redovnikovic, IR, Glivetic, T, Delonga, K, Vorkapic-Furac, J (2008) Glucosinolates and their potential role in plant. Periodicum Biologorum. 110: 297-309
  38. Shiga T, Shoji K, Shimada H, Hashida S, Goto F, Yoshihara T (2009) Effect of light quality on rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L. Plant Biotechnol 26:255-259 https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.255
  39. Smyth GK (2004) Linear models and empirical bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 3:1-25
  40. Urbonaviciute A, Samuoliene G, Sakalauskiene S, Brazaityte A, Jankauskiene J, Duchovskis P, Ruzgas V, Stonkus A, Vitta P, Zukauskas A, and Tamulaitis G (2009) Effect of flashing amber light on the nutritional quality of green sprouts. Agronomy Res 7:761-767
  41. Wang X, Wang H, Wang J, Sun R, Wu J, Liu S, Bai Y, Mun JH, Bancroft I, Cheong F, Huang S, Li X, Hua W, Wang J, Wang X, Freeling M, Pires JC, Paterson AH, Chalhoub B, Wang B, Hayward A, Sharpe AG, Park BS, Weisshaar B, Liu B, Li B, Liu B, Tong C, Song C, Duran C, Peng C, Geng C, Koh C, Lin C, Edwards D, Mu D, Shen D, Soumpourou E, Li F, Fraser F, Conant G, Lassalle G, King GJ, Bonnema G, Tang H, Wang H, Belcram H, Zhou H, Hirakawa H, Abe H, Guo H, Wang H, Jin H, Parkin IA, Batley J, Kim JS, Just J, Li J, Xu J, Deng J, Kim JA, Li J, Yu J, Meng J, Wang J, Min J, Poulain J, Wang J, Hatakeyama K, Wu K, Wang L, Fang L, Trick M, Links MG, Zhao M, Jin M, Ramchiary N, Drou N, Berkman PJ, Cai Q, Huang Q, Li R, Tabata S, Cheong S, Zhang S, Zhang S, Huang S, Sato S, Sun S, Kwon SJ, Choi SR, Lee TH, Fan W, Zhao X, Tan X, Xu X, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Yin Y, Li Y, Du Y, Liao Y, Lim Y, Narusaka Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Wang Z, Xiong Z, Zhang Z (2011) The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa. Nat Genet 43:1035-1039 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.919
  42. Whitelam GC, Halliday KJ (2007) Light and plant development. Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 30. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Oxford
  43. Workman C, Jensen LJ, Jarmer H, Berka R, Gautier L, Nielser, HB, Saxild HH, Nielsen C, Brunak S, Knudsen S (2002) A new non-linear normalization method for reducing variability in DNA microarray experiments. Genome Biol 3:1-16
  44. Zang, YX, Kim HU, Kim JA, Lim MH, Jin M, Lee SC, Kwon SJ, Lee SI, Hong JK, Park TH, Mun JH, Seol YJ, Hong SB, Park BS (2009) Genome-wide identification of glucosinolate synthesis genes in Brassica rapa. FEBS J 276: 3559-3574 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07076.x
  45. Zeeberg BR, Feng W, Wang G, Wang MD, Fojo AT, Sunshine M, Narasimhan S, Kane DW, Reinhold WC, Lababidi S, Bussey KJ, Riss J, Barrett JC, Weinstein JN (2003) GoMiner: a resource for biological interpretation of genomic and proteomic data. Genome Biol 4:R28 https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2003-4-4-r28