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Endoscopic Fluorescence Angiography with Indocyanine Green : A Preclinical Study in the Swine

  • Cho, Won-Sang (Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Jeong Eun (Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sae Hoon (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hee Chan (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Uk (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Russia Science Seoul Center) ;
  • Lee, Dae-Sic (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Russia Science Seoul Center)
  • Received : 2015.05.14
  • Accepted : 2015.08.31
  • Published : 2015.12.28

Abstract

Objective : Microscopic indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is useful for identifying the completeness of aneurysm clipping and the preservation of parent arteries and small perforators. Neuroendoscopy is helpful for visualizing structures beyond the straight line of the microscopic view. We evaluated our prototype of endoscopic ICG fluorescence angiography in swine, which we developed in order to combine the merits of microscopic ICG angiography and endoscopy. Methods : Our endoscopic ICG system consists of a camera, a light source, a display and software. This system can simultaneously display real-time visible and near infrared fluorescence imaging on the same monitor. A commercially available endoscope was used, which was 4 mm in diameter and had an angle of $30^{\circ}$. A male crossbred swine was used. Results : Under general anesthesia, a small craniotomy was performed and the brain surface of the swine was exposed. ICG was injected via the ear vein with a bolus dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Visible and ICG fluorescence images of cortical vessels were simultaneously observed on the display monitor at high resolution. The real-time merging of the visible and fluorescent images corresponded well. Conclusion : Simultaneous visible color and ICG fluorescent imaging of the cortical vessels in the swine brain was satisfactory. Technical improvement and clinical implication are expected.

Keywords

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