Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Maternal Parenting Behavior, Relationships with Friends, and Relationships with Teachers on the Subjective Well-being of Children in Late Childhood

아동이 지각한 어머니의 양육행동, 또래와의 관계 및 교사와의 관계가 학령 후기 아동의 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향

  • 배주영 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) ;
  • 도현심 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) ;
  • 이선희 (숭실사이버대학교 아동학과) ;
  • 신정희 (이화여자대학교 아동학과)
  • Received : 2015.09.30
  • Accepted : 2015.12.09
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examined the effects of maternal parenting behavior, relationships with friends, and relationships with teachers on the subjective well-being of children in late childhood. A total of 299 fifth and sixth grade students at elementary school (141 boys and 158 girls) participated in this study. The subjects completed questionnaires on maternal parenting behavior, relationships with friends, relationships with teachers, and their subjective well-being. The data were analyzed by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results are as follows. First, maternal parenting behavior was found to have a direct effect on children's subjective well-being. Second, maternal parenting behavior was seen to have an indirect effect on children's subjective well-being through their relationships with friends. Third, maternal parenting behavior was found to have an indirect effect on children's subjective well-being through their relationships with their teachers. The findings from this study suggest that relationships factors established in both family and school need to be considered together in order to explain children's subjective well-being. In addition, this study emphasizes the relative importance of maternal parenting behavior in improving the subjective well-being of school-aged children, as compared to the relationships with both their friends and their teachers at school.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. H. (2002). The relationship among mother, teacher, peer and preschool adjustment of child. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 9(3), 163-180.
  2. Amato, R. R., & Fowler, F. (2002). Parenting practices, child adjustment and family diversity. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 703-716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00703.x
  3. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, W. G. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  4. Aquilino, W. S., & Supple, A. J. (2001). Long-term effects of parenting practices during adolescence on well-being outcomes in young adulthood. Journal of Family Issues, 22(3), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251301022003002
  5. Bae, M. Y., & Shin, H. S. (2015). Moderating effects of self-disclosure on the relations of friendship quality to social anxiety and subjective wellbeing. The Korean Journal of Child Education, 24(3), 177-197.
  6. Bae, S. J. (1998). The relationship among perceived parental rearing attitude by adolescent, selfconception, and school adjustment. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  7. Bascoe, S., Davies, P. T., Sturge, M., & Cummings, E. M. (2009). Interparental representations and school adjustment: Peer information processing as an explanatory mechanism. Developmental Psychology, 45(6), 1740-1751. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016688
  8. Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 1-103.
  9. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
  10. Brophy, J., & Good, T. (1986). Teacher behaviour and student. In M. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching. (pp.328-375). New York: Macmillan.
  11. Choi, M. K. (2011). The relationship between mothers parenting, children's self-esteem, and stress. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 32(2), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2011.32.2.105
  12. Chun, S. W. (2010). A study on child's school adjustment and achievement following teacher's leadership: Focusing on the mediating effect of self-conception. Unpublished master's thesis, Konyang University, Seoul, Korea.
  13. Claudia, Q. M., & Scott, E. H. (2008). Attachment relationships and adolescents' life satisfaction: Some relationships matter more to girls than boys. Psychology in the School, 45(2), 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20288
  14. Cohn, D., Petterson, C., & Chrestopoulos, C. (1991). The family and children's peer relations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8(3), 315-346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407591083002
  15. Compton, W. C. (2007). An introduction to positive psychology. (E. G. Seo, M. S. Sung, & J. J. Kim, Trans.). Seoul: Pakhaksa. (Original work published 2005)
  16. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Hunter, J. (2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4(2), 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024409732742
  17. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
  18. Doh, H. S. (2012). The first parents' role. Seoul: Jisikchanul.
  19. Doh, H. S., Shin, N. N., Park, B. K., Kim, M. J., & Kim, H. I. (2014). The effect of mothers' depression and parenting behavior on preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 35(4), 179-198. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2014.35.4.179
  20. Erdley, C. A., Nangle, D. W., Newman, J. E., & Carpenter, E. M. (2001). Children's friendship experiences and psychological adjustment: Theory and research. Journal of Child Development, 91, 5-24.
  21. Fornell, C., & Larker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  22. Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (2000). Perceived parental behavior, self-esteem and happiness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35(10), 463-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050265
  23. Gilman, R., & Huebner, S. (2005). Characteristics of adolescents who report very high life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9036-7
  24. Gingburg, G., Greca, A., & Silverman, W. (1998). Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: Relation with social and emotional functioning. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26(3), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022668101048
  25. Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 79-99). London: Wiley.
  26. Grolnick, W. S., Price, C. E., Besiwenger, K. L., & Sauck, C. C. (2007). Evaluative pressure in mothers: Effects of situation, maternal, and child characteristics on autonomy supportive verse controlling behavior. Developmental Psychology, 43(4), 991-1002. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.991
  27. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate date analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  28. Han, J. A. (2008). A study on protection factor in adjustment of children of low-income and divorced families: Children's coping strategy, parental rearing style, parents' stress, and social support. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 46(8), 1-15.
  29. Han, J. H. (1996). A study on perception of self ability and depression of child based on social relation network. Human Development Research, 1(1), 85-99.
  30. Han, M. H. (1996). The behavioral problem and perception of social support and stress of children. Unpublished doctor's dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  31. Harter, S. (1982). The perceived competence scale for children. Journal of Child Development, 53(1), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129640
  32. Hasida, B. (2003). The adolescents: The link between subjective well-being, internal resources, and parental factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(2), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021864432505
  33. Helen, C., & Adrian, F. (2003). Perceived parental rearing style, self-esteem and self-criticism as predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOHS.0000021704.35267.05
  34. Hong, S. H. (2000). The criteria for selecting appropriate fit indices in structural equation modeling and their rationales. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 161-177.
  35. Jang, I. S., & Jang, S. J. (2012). An analysis on the mediating effect of self efficacy of perceived maternal rearing attitude in early adolescent and peer relations. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 19(6), 291-313.
  36. Jang, J. S. (2013). Effects of maternal parenting attitude, children's self-image, teacher-child relationship and peer relationship on personal relationships. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 40(8), 1-11.
  37. Jang, K. M. (2011). The effect of perceived parental support of autonomy and psychological control on self-esteem and adoption to school of both female and male elementary school student. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(2), 243-261.
  38. Jang, Y. A., & Park, J. H. (2007). The effect of parental rearing style, and communication between parents and child on adoption to school of child. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 13(2), 67-85.
  39. Jeon, K. S., & Jung, T. Y. (2009). The factors deciding happiness of Korean adolescent. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Social Problem, 15(1), 133-151.
  40. Jose, P. E., Ryan, N., & Pryor, J. (2012). Does social connectedness promote a greater sense of well-being in adolescence over time? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(2), 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00783.x
  41. Jun, M. K., & Jang, J. S. (2009). A longitudinal study of the development of happiness during childhood. Family and Environment Research, 47(3), 103-118.
  42. Jung, H. W., & Cho, O. H. (2001). The role of flow experience and peer attachment between family strength and happiness in elementary school children. Educational Theory, 21, 63-85.
  43. Jung, K. S., & Park, S. H. (2010). The verification of multi-structural model of subjective wellbeing of child from community child center. Social Science Research, 26(1), 433-452.
  44. Kang, S. H. (2010). The relationship among parental and maternal attachment, depression, psychological well-being, school adjustment of middle school student. Secondary Education Research, 58(3), 1-29.
  45. Kang, S. R., & Lee, K. L. (2001). The relation among peer stress, social competence and school adjustment. Unpublished master's thesis, Dong-A University, Seoul, Korea.
  46. Kang, Y. H. (2008). The Exploration of constitution of school happiness in elementary school children. The Korea Journal of Elementary Counseling, 11(20), 219-235.
  47. Kim, A. Y., & Cha, J. E. (2010). An analysis of effect of maternal rearing behavior on perception of rearing behavior by child, educational self-efficacy, and study achievement: Focusing on the mediating effect of motivation of self regulation. Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(3), 563-582.
  48. Kim, G. S. (2007). An analysis of AMOS 18.0 structural equation modeling. Seoul: Hannarae.
  49. Kim, H. S. (2014). The verification of self-worth mediating effect in relation of academic stress and depression in youth. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(3), 409-437.
  50. Kim, J. H., & Park, K. J. (2010). The effect of peer recognition desire of child on depression and social efficacy. Seoul Korean Child Association, 31(1), 83-99.
  51. Kim, J. Y., & Chung, H. J. (2008). A study on factors affecting life satisfaction and wellbeing in youth. Korean Social Welfare Review, 13, 171-190.
  52. Kim, K. Y., & Kim, K. Y. (2005). Variables related to children's withdrawal and aggression: Causal effects of rejection, victimization, and negative representation by parents and peers. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 26(6), 247-266.
  53. Kim, M. J. (2003). The relationships between perceived parental rearing style by child and child's behavior problem. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  54. Kim, M. S. (1994). The relation between social support and maladjustment of children. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  55. Kim, N. Y. (2009). Verification of mediating effect of optimism in parental attachment and anxiety of adolescent. Unpublished master's thesis, Incheon University, In-cheon, Korea.
  56. Kim, N. Y. (2010). The relation between elementary school children's perceived maternal parenting attitude, teacher-child relationship and peer relationship. Korean Journal of Teacher Education, 27(3), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.24211/tjkte.2010.27.3.23
  57. Kim, S. H., & Oh, Y. J. (2006). A Study on the family system and the quality of friend relationships perceived by elementary school students. The Journal of Child Education, 15(4), 313-327.
  58. Kim, T. Y. (2006). The effect of teacher-student relationships perceived by students on class participation. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul University, Seoul, Korea.
  59. Kim, Y. M., & Lim, Y. S. (2013). An analysis of structural relationships of over rearing behavior affecting life satisfaction in youth, self-resilience, and adoption to school. Journal of Adolescent's Welfare, 15(2), 343-366.
  60. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
  61. Knafo, A., & Plomin, R. (2006). Parental discipline and affection and children's prosocial behavior: Genetic and environmental links. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 147-164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.147
  62. Ko, Y. N. (2008). The relationship among parental, maternal, peer attachment, and subjective psychological well-being. The Jounal of Yeolin Education, 15(2), 111-131.
  63. Kwak, S. R. (2009). The effect of characteristic of school on school achievement. The Korea Educational Review, 18(1), 1-29.
  64. Kwon, Y. J., & Kim, Y. H. (2011). The effect of family functions and self regulation of adolescent on game, immersion, and adoption to school. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(6), 99-121.
  65. Lee, E. J. (2005). The relation between perceived parental communication type by middle school student and adjustment of home and school. Unpublished master's thesis, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
  66. Lee, G. S. (2006). Effects of maternal parenting attitude, children's perceived competence, teacher-child relationship and peer relationship on psychological maladjustment in early school age. Korea Journal of Counseling, 7(2), 575-593.
  67. Lee, M. H. (2000). A study on cognitive and behavioral traits and psychological well-being following peer status of adolescent. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyungnam University, Kyungnam, Korea.
  68. Lee, S. E. (2013). The relation between maternal parenting behavior and children's adoption to school life: The mediating effects of children's self-encouragement. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  69. Lee, S. H. (2012). A study on development of rearing behavior scale for parents of school-aged child. Unpublished doctor's dissertation, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  70. Lee, Y. S. (2007). The mediating effects of self regulation in the relation between parenting behavior and leadership of child. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 16(1), 173-203.
  71. Maccoby, E. E. (1980). Social development: Psychological growth and the parent-child relationship. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  72. Maja, D., & Wim, M. (2002). Parenting practice, Social skills and peer relationships in adolescence. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.1.3
  73. Masoud, G. L., Sharzad, B., Leila, A., & Elaheh, H. (2011). The relationship between perceived parental styles, social support with psychological well-being. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science, 15, 1852-1856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.014
  74. Meliksah, D., & Kathryn, A. U. (2004). Friendship and adjustment among adolescents. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88(1), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.02.006
  75. Murray, C., & Greenberg, M. T. (2000). Children's relationship with teachers and bonds with school: An investigation of patterns and correlates in middle childhood. Journal of School Psychology, 38(5), 423-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(00)00034-0
  76. National Institute of Korean Language (2013). The Korean Standard Dictionary. Seoul: Minjungseolim.
  77. Oh, M. S., & Sim, U. C. (2014). The effect of academic stress on depression of child: focusing on the mediating effect of self-worth. Journal of School Social Work, 29, 237-261.
  78. Oldenburg, C. M., & Kerns, K. A. (1997). Associations between peer relationships and depressive symptoms: Testing moderator effects of gender and age. Journal of Early Adolescence, 17, 319-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431697017003004
  79. Park, B. G., & Song, J. H. (2007). Multidimensional 2$\times$3 factor structure of subjective well-being. Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 21(3), 591-611.
  80. Park, B. K. (2007). The relationships between parental rearing style and awareness of human rights of high school students. Unpublished master's thesis, Korea National University of Education, Seoul, Korea.
  81. Park, B. S. (2012). The effect of interpersonal relationship and school achievement on subjective well-being of adolescent: Comparison with gender and level of school. Child Welfare Study, 14(3), 215-238.
  82. Park, G. H., & Lee, J. M. (2014). The effect of parental rearing behavior on life satisfaction of both female and male adolescent: the mediating effect of self-concept and adoption to school. Korean Family Welfare Studies, 19(4), 997-1013. https://doi.org/10.13049/kfwa.2014.19.4.997
  83. Park, H. Y. (2011). The structure of relationship among parental attachment, adoption to school, psychological stability perceived by middle school students. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 23(1), 43-55.
  84. Park, K. M. (1998). The relationship with parenting styles, perception, academic achievement. Unpublished master's thesis, Korean Educational University, Seoul, Korea.
  85. Park, S. H. (1995). The relation among elementary school student's home environment, school adjustment and satisfaction. Unpublished master's thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
  86. Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Link with peer acceptance ad feeling of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.4.611
  87. Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1997). Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children's adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 68(5), 908-923. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01970.x
  88. Pianta, R. C., Steinberg, M. S., & Rollins, K. B. (1995). The first two years of school: Teacher-child relationships and deflections in children's classroom adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 7(2), 295-312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006519
  89. Rigby, K. (1999). Peer victimization at school and the health of secondary school students. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709999157590
  90. Rosenthal, R. (1994). On being one's own case study: Experimenter effects in behavioral research-0 years later. In W. R. Shadish & S. Fuller (Eds.), The society psychology of science (pp. 214-229). New York: Guilford Press.
  91. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self determination theory and facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  92. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
  93. Ryu, H. G. (1992). The relationship with parenting behavior and children's character and the level of social skills. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  94. Schaefer, E. S. (1959). A circumplex model for maternal behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 226.
  95. Shin, D. C., & Johnson, D. M. (1978). Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 5(4), 475-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00352944
  96. Son, M. J. (2007). The relation between perceivedteacher's behavior by child, self-conceptionand school adjustment. Unpublished master'sthesis, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
  97. Song, H. W. (2012). The structural relationship among poverty conditions, perceived parental rearing attitude, academic motivations, psychological well-being, and child's school adjustment. Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 26(3), 651-672.
  98. Song, J. J. (2009). SPSS/AMOS statistic analysis method when writing thesis. Kyung-ki: 21 century.
  99. Song, M. Y. (2004). The effect of relationships with parents of special-purpose high school student, self-resilience, study competence on school happiness. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 25(3), 647-669.
  100. Song Y. H. (2007). Peer relationship: Diagnosis and treatment. Paju: Jipmundang.
  101. Song, Y. M. (2011). The effect of relationships with parents of special-purpose high school student, self-resilience, study competence on school happiness. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 25(3), 647-669.
  102. Stipek, D. J., Feiler, R., Byler, P., Ryan, R., Milburn, S., & Salmon, J. M. (1998). Good beginnings: What difference does the program make in preparing young children for school? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19(1), 41-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)80027-6
  103. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
  104. Veenhoven, R. (1984). Databook of happiness. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
  105. Yoon, M. K. (1998). A study on quality of peer relationships and adoption of child. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  106. Yuh, J. I., & Jung, M. J. (2009). The relationship between perceived social support and children's depressive symptoms: Examining the mediating role of self-worth in path analysis. Family and Environment Research, 47(10), 29-37.

Cited by

  1. Elementary School Children"s Happiness According to the Types of Mother & Peer Attachment and Teacher-Child Conflict Relationship vol.25, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.5.545
  2. Effects of Fathers’ Parenting Involvement and Parenting Behaviors on Child Happiness vol.27, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2016.27.2.265