DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Assessment of pH Variation for Neutralized Acidic Areas using Lysimeters by Seasons

라이시미터를 이용한 중화처리된 산성화경사지의 계절별 pH 용탈특성 평가

  • Oh, Seungjin (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Oh, Minah (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Park, Chan-O (Environmental Technical Instuitute, Korea Resource Corporation) ;
  • Jung, Munho (Mine Reclamation and Technology Center, Korea Mine Reclamation Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Jai-Young (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul)
  • Received : 2015.09.30
  • Accepted : 2015.11.19
  • Published : 2015.12.30

Abstract

Korean territories has formed about 70% of mountainous areas that have acidified serious level to average pH 4-5. There are a number of abandoned metal mines about 1,000 in Korea. However, mine tailings and waste rock included heavy metals are exposed to long-term environment without prevention facility or treatment system. Thus, ongoing management and monitoring of soil environment are required. Most of abandoned mine scattered in forest areas of slopes. Soil erosion due to continuous rainfall in the slopy areas can cause the secondary pollution by the influence eutrophication of water system and the productivity loss of the plant. Therefore, this study would like to estimate pH leaching rate by artificial rainfall using waste neutralization-agent in lysimeter. Moreover, the potentially of secondary pollution related to precipitation is figured out through the experiments, and the optimal planting methods would examinate after neutralizing treatment in soil. Experiments composed three kinds of lysimeter; lysimeter 1 had filled only acidic soil, lysimeter 2 had neutralized soil, and lysimeter 3 had planting plants after neutralized soil. In the results, lysimeter 2 showed the lowest pH leaching, and there is not specific relativity with pH leaching of the seasonal characteristics.

우리나라의 지형은 약 70% 이상이 산악지역으로 형성되어 있으며 평균 pH는 4 ~ 5로 산성화 정도가 심각한 수준이다. 현재 국내에는 약 1,000여개의 휴 폐광된 많은 금속광산이 오염 방지시설이나 처리시설이 갖춰지지 않은 채 중금속을 함유한 광미나 폐석이 장기간 환경 중에 노출되어 왔으며, 지속적인 관리 및 환경오염에 대한 모니터링이 미흡한 실정이다. 대부분의 휴 폐광산은 산림지역에 밀집하여 있어 경사지면으로 이루어진 곳이 많다. 경사지에서의 강우에 의한 토양유실은 작물의 생산성과 함께 수계의 부영양화 등에도 영향을 미치며 이로 인한 2차 오염원으로 발전할 수 있어 심각한 수준의 환경문제를 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실제 산성화경사지와 유사한 조건의 라이시미터를 조성하고 과거 기 수행된 연구의 산출물인 폐자원을 활용한 중화제를 이용하여 중화처리를 실시한 후, 계절별 특성에 따라 인공강우를 살포하여 토양과 유출수의 pH 용탈에 따른 2차 환경오염 여부를 가늠하고 중화처리 후 식물식재 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 실험은 산성토양만을 충진한 대조군과 중화처리를 실시한 실험구 1, 중화처리 후 식물식재를 조성한 실험구 2로 구성하였다. 실험결과, 모든 계절에서 중화처리를 실시한 실험구 1, 2가 낮은 pH 용탈결과를 나타내었으며, 특히 실험구 2에서는 pH 용탈률이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 강우강도와 강우빈도 등 계절별 특성에 따른 pH 용탈은 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, B.-S., Lim, E.-J., Choi, Y.-B., Choi, J.-D., Joo, J.-H., Yang, J.-U. and Ok, Y.-S. (2009), "Applicability of PAM (Polyacrylamide) in Soil Erosion Prevention: Rainfall Simulation Experiments", Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, Vol.28, No.3, pp.249-257 https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2009.28.3.249
  2. Choi, J.-D., Lee, C.-M. and Kim, D.-H. (1998), "Groundwater and small stream Water Quality Changes of Rural Wastersheds in Kangwon-do", Proc. of the Fall Conference on Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, Korea, pp.558-564.
  3. Choi, J.-D., Park, J.-S., Kim, J.-J., Yang, J.-U., Jung, Y.-S., and Yun, S.-Y. (2000), "Soil Quality Assessment for Environmentally Sound Agriculture in the Mountainous Soils -Analysis of Sediment Data and Suggestion of Best Management Practices-", Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture, Vol.19, No.3, pp.201-205.
  4. Choi, Y.-B., Choi, B.-S., Kim, S.-W., Lee, S.-S. and Ok, Y.-S. (2010), "Effects of Polyacrylamide and Biopolymer on Soil Erosion and Crop Productivity in Sloping Uplands: A Field Experiment", Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, Vol.32, No.11, pp.1024-1029.
  5. Clark, E. H., Haverkamp, J. A. and Chapman, W. (1985), Eroding soils: the off-farm impacts, Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
  6. Lim, S.-M., Lee, D.-H. and Park, B.-Y. (2004), "Correlations between Soil Acidification and Leaching of Inorganic Salts", J. Korean Soc. Hygienic Sciences, Vol.10, No.2, pp.125-135.
  7. Myers, N., (1993), Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management, Anchor/Doubleday, Garden City, NY, USA.
  8. Nyle C. B. and Ray R. W. (2010), Element of THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, Third Edition, Practice Hall, pp.328.
  9. Oh, S.-J., Cho, M.-H., Park, C.-O., Jung, M.-H. and Lee, J.-Y. (2012), "A Study on the Development of Soil Neutralizing-agent using Waste Materials (Waste-lime, Oyster, Bottom-ash)", J. of Soil & Groundwater Env., Vol.17, No.6, pp.92-101. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2012.17.6.101
  10. Ok, Y.-S., Lim, S. and Kim, J.-G. (2002) "Electrochemical properties of soils: principles and applications", Life Science and Natural Resources Research, Vol.10, pp.69-84.
  11. Ok, Y.-S., Yang, J.-E., Park, Y.-H., Jung, Y.-S., Yoo, K.-Y. and Park, C.-S. (2005), Framework on soil quality indicator selection and assessment for the sustainable soil management, J. Environ. Policy, 4th edition, pp.69-87.
  12. Park, B.-Y., Uh, Y.-W., Yang, S.-Y., Jang, S.-M., Kim, J.-H. and Lee, D.-H. (2001), "A Study on the Acidification of Soils", J. of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society, Vol.10, No.4, pp.305-310.
  13. Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R. and Blair, R. (1995), "Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits," Sci., Vol.267, pp. 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5201.1117
  14. Ryu, J.-S. (2013), Characteristics of soil loss and environmental load in slope upland of highland with different rainfall condition, Ph.D Thesis, Chungnam National University, Daejon, Korea.
  15. Sharpley, A. N. and Halvorson, A. D. (1994). "The Management of Soil Phosphorous availability and its Impact on Surface Water Quality In R. Lal and B. A. Steward (eds.)", Soil Processes and Water Quality (part of the series, Advance in Soil Science). Boca Raton, FL: Lewis publishers.
  16. Yang, J.-U., Ok, Y.-S. and Park, Y.-H. (2007), "Ecology engineering forest restoration for mine damage area", Mine reclamation Technique, Vol.1, No.1, pp.67-75.
  17. Zhang, S., Wang, S., Shan, X.-Q, and Mu, H. (2004), "Influence of lignin from paper mill sludge on soil properties and metal accumulation in wheat", Biology and Fertility of Soils, Vol. 40, No.4, pp.237-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0771-1