A Study on Production Techniques of Ridge-end Roof Tile Excavated from Middle gate site in Bunhwangsa Temple

분황사 중문지 출토 치미의 제작기법 연구

As results of this study about the restoration and production techniques of the ridge-end roof tiles excavated from middle gate site in Bunhwangsa Temple, the ridge-end tile was considered that can be combined with four distinguished parts such as a body with upper and lower portions, a back, a belly, and a wing. And also some patterns can be verified. The body and the wing were piled up the coil clay and the back-side was bonded. The pileup process was assumed that three types of wood tools were applied to bond the facing surfaces. After the completion of the pileup process, the entire exterior was retouched by hand. For touching the inside, bare hands or some tools like a wooden branches were used to scratch and to re-face a clay plasterwork. And also, the stamped patterns which produced by framework were bonded to the body. The results from the XRD and the TG-DTA, Tridymite which shows the phase transition in more than $867^{\circ}C$ could not be identified, and also the endothermic reaction peak at $1063^{\circ}C$ showed the result that the alkali feldspar such as the albite was changed into a different mineral at $1050^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the ridge-end tiles can be considered that the firing temperature was below $867^{\circ}C$.

분황사 중문지 출토 치미의 복원과 제작기법에 대한 연구 결과, 치미는 몸체, 등, 배, 날개, 문양, 종대로 구분되고 몸체는 하단부와 상단부로 나눌 수 있다. 몸체와 날개는 테쌓기 하였으며 배면을 접착하였다. 테쌓기 과정에는 3종류의 타날도구를 이용하여 접합면을 두들겼고 전체 형태가 완성되면 외면을 손다듬질 하였다. 원공을 통하여 손이나 도구를 내부로 넣어 점토를 긁어내거나 덧발랐고 나뭇가지를 이용하여 표면을 평탄하였다. 문양은 틀을 제작하여 찍어 낸 후 몸체에 부착하였다. XRD분석과 TG-DTA분석 결과에서는 $867^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 상전이하는 트리디마이트 (Tridymite)를 동정할 수 없었고 $1,063^{\circ}C$에서 흡열반응이 나타난 점은 알바이트와 같은 알칼리장석이 $1,050^{\circ}C$에서 다른 광물로 변질한 결과로서 연구대상 치미는 $867^{\circ}C$이하의 소성온도를 경험한 것으로 판단할 수 있다