ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distributed Synchronization for OFDMA-Based Wireless Mesh Networks

  • Kim, Jihyung (Communications & Internet Research Laboratory, ETRI) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Hyun (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Lim, Kwangjae (Communications & Internet Research Laboratory, ETRI)
  • Received : 2013.03.06
  • Accepted : 2013.09.06
  • Published : 2014.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a distributed synchronization algorithm for wireless mesh networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access. For time and frequency synchronization, a node requests its neighbor nodes for a change of fast Fourier transform starting points, transmission times, and carrier frequencies needed for synchronization. The node also updates its own time and frequency elements through simple formulas based on request messages received from neighbor nodes using a guard interval and a cyclic prefix. This process with the cooperation of neighbor nodes leads to a gradual synchronization of all nodes in the network. Through a performance comparison with a conventional scheme, we obtain simulation results indicating that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme in random topologies and a grid topology.

Keywords

References

  1. O. Tipmongkolsilp, S. Zaghloul, and A. Jukan, "The Evolution of Cellular Backhaul Technologies: Current Issues and Future Trends," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials, vol. 13, no. 1, First Quarter 2011, pp. 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2011.040610.00039
  2. D. Benyamina, A. Hafid, and M. Gendreau, "Wireless Mesh Networks Design -A Survey," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 2, Second Quarter 2012, pp. 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2011.042711.00007
  3. G. Aggelou, "Wireless Mesh Communication Architectures and Protocols," Wireless Mesh Networking, Punta Gorda, FL: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008, Chapter 2.
  4. P802.11-REVmb/D12, Nov 2011 -IEEE Standard for Information Technology -Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Mar. 2012.
  5. 802.16-2004, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Nov. 2004.
  6. 802.15.5-2009, IEEE Recommended Practice for Information Technology -Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems -Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -Specific Requirements Part 15.5: Mesh Topology Capability in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), May 2009.
  7. I.F. Akyildiz et al., "Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey," Comput. Netw., vol. 38, no. 4, Mar. 2002, pp. 393-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4
  8. H. Kim et al., "The Trend Analysis for Wireless Mesh Networks," Nat. IT Ind. Promotion Agency, vol. 1479, Jan. 2011, pp. 1-19.
  9. H.J. Kwon et al., "Geralized CSMA/CA for OFDMA Systems: Protocol Design, Throughput Analysis, and Implementation Issues," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 8, no. 8, Aug. 2009, pp. 4176-4187. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2009.080816
  10. R.V. Nee and R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2000.
  11. K.A. Hamdi, "Precise Interference Analysis of OFDMA Time- Asynchronous Wireless Ad-hoc Networks," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2010, pp. 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2010.01.080255
  12. C.H. Park et al., "An Analysis of TDoA Effect for OFDMABased Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., Kyoto, Japan, June 5-9, 2011, pp. 1-4.
  13. O. Simeone et al., "Distributed Synchronization in Wireless Networks," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 25, no. 5, Sept. 2008, pp. 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.926661
  14. M.K. Maggs, S.G. O'Keefe, and D.V. Thiel, "Consensus Clock Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Sensors J., vol. 12, no. 6, June 2012, pp. 2269-2277. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2011.2182045
  15. 802.16m-2011, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 3: Advanced Air Interface, May 2011.
  16. 3GPP TS 36.211 v8.9.0, Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRAN); Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8), Dec. 2009.
  17. S.G. Lee and X. Ma, "Symbol Detection on Asynchronous OFDMA Mesh Networks with Timing Misalignment," Military Commun. Conf., Baltimore, MD, USA, Nov. 7-10, 2011, pp. 2188-2193.
  18. S.G. Lee and X. Ma, "Timing Adjustment Techniques to Mitigate Interference between Multiple Nodes in OFDMA Mesh Networks," IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Process., Prague, Czech Republic, May 2011, pp. 3508-3511.
  19. C.H. Park et al., "A Bidirectional Successive Detection Technique for Asynchronous OFDMA-Based Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 61, no. 7, Sept. 2012, pp. 3346- 3352. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2012.2202254
  20. C.H. Park et al., "An MMSE-BSD Technique for Wireless Mesh Networks with TDoAs," IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Process., Commun. Comput., Hong Kong, China, Aug. 12-15, 2012, pp. 43-46.
  21. J. Kim, K.J. Lim, and M. Lee, "Gradual Time Synchronization for Wireless Mesh Networks Based on OFDMA," 7th Int. Conf. Next Generation Mobile Apps., Services, Technol., Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 25-27, 2013, pp. 187-191.
  22. P.H. Dana, "Global Positioning System (GPS) Time Dissemination for Real-Time Applications," Real-Time Syst, Int. J. Time Critical Comput. Syst., vol. 12, no. 1, Jan. 1997, pp. 9-40.
  23. J.H. Kim et al., "Distributed Frequency Synchronization for Global Synchronization in Wireless Mesh Networks," Int. Conf. Netw. Wireless Commun., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Oct. 8-10, 2012, pp. 652- 656.
  24. J. Kim et al., "Performance Analysis of Synchronization for an OFDMA System," Int. Conf. Wireless Mobile Commun., Venice, Italy, June 24-29, 2012, pp. 376-380.
  25. ITU-R M.1225, Guidelines for Evaluations of Radio Transmission Technologies for IMT-2000, ITU-R, 1997.
  26. T. Pollet, M. Van Bladel, and M. Moeneclaey, "BER Sensitivity of OFDM Systems to Carrier Frequency Offset and Weiner Phase Noise," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 43, no. 2/3/4, Feb./Mar./Apr. 1995, pp. 191-193. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.380034

Cited by

  1. V2V 환경에서 적응적 채널 추정 기법에 대한 성능 분석 vol.54, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2017.54.8.26
  2. V2I 통신 시스템에서 ADPSS 채널 보간과 예측 기법 vol.54, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2017.54.8.34
  3. Adaptive Channel Estimation Scheme Based on LTE Uplink in V2V Environments vol.102, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5847-6