Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Analysis of Scientific Inquiry Elements in Middle School Science Textbooks, Teachers' Cognition, and an Experiment Case

중학교 과학교과서, 교사의 인식 및 실험 수업 사례에서 나타난 과학적 탐구 요소 분석

  • Received : 2014.02.25
  • Accepted : 2014.06.09
  • Published : 2014.06.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to consider the implications of science experiment in class and to seek a direction for its improvement. For this purpose, Science textbooks, teachers' cognitions, and classroom activities have been analyzed to find out how many and what kind of levels of inquiry elements are included in those. In this study, 22 teachers have participated in the questionnaire to investigate their perception about experiment class, and the two instruction cases in two classes of 9th grade have also been analyzed. Results show that most of the textbooks have included questioning, evidence collecting, explanation of phenomena, and connection with existing scientific knowledge. But the elements of communication and justification have been few. Most levels of the inquiry are teacher-led. Although the teachers thought communication and justification are important, their classroom activities does not coalesce with their thoughts. The students mostly spend their time with connecting evidence, they hardly explain the phenomenon based on the proofs as the results of experiment, and the activities of connection with the existing scientific knowledge, and communication and justification.

이 연구의 목적은 수업시간에 이루어지는 과학 실험의 의미를 고찰하고 실험 수업의 개선 방향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 교과서, 교사 인식, 실제 수업 사례를 분석하여 탐구 요소가 과학 실험 수업에 얼마나 포함되어 있으며 그 수준은 어떠한지 알아보았다. 22명의 교사를 대상으로 한 설문지를 통해 교사의 인식을 알아보았으며, 중학교 3학년 2개 학급의 2차시 수업을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 문제제시, 증거수집, 현상설명 및 기존 과학지식의 연결은 대부분의 교과서에서 제시되었으나, 의사소통 및 정당화 요소는 많지 않았다. 또한 제시된 수준은 주로 교사 주도적이었다. 교사들은 의사소통 및 정당화 단계가 매우 중요하다고 생각하였으나, 실제 실험 수업에 이를 반영하지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 실제 실험 수업에서 학생들은 시간의 대부분을 증거수집에 할애하였으며, 실험 결과인 증거를 기반으로 현상을 설명하거나 기존 지식과 연결하는 활동, 그리고 의사소통 및 정당화의 활동은 거의 하지 못하였다.

Keywords

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