Childhood Kidney Diseases

  • 제18권1호
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  • Pages.29-35
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  • 2014
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  • 2384-0242(pISSN)
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  • 2384-0250(eISSN)
대한소아신장학회 (Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology)
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방광요관역류의 임상적 특징 및 예후인자

Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Vesicoureteral Reflux

  • 김운곤 (충북대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 하태선 (충북대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Kim, Wun-Kon (Department of Pediatrics and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Ha, Tae-Sun (Department of Pediatrics and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine Chungbuk National University)
  • 투고 : 2014.03.03
  • 심사 : 2014.03.26
  • 발행 : 2014.04.30
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초록

목적: VUR는 대부분 요로감염 후에 진단되며, 반복적 요로감염과 역류가 지속되면 신반흔, 신실질의 위축, 고혈압 등 심각한 후유증을 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 VUR의 임상적 특성과 자연소실율 및 그와 관련된 인자들을 분석하였다. 방법: 1993년 12월부터 2011년 5월까지 충북대학병원 소아청소년과와 비뇨기과에 입원한 VUR로 진단된 117례를 대상으로, 항생제 예방요법 및 수술적 치료를 시행한 환아를 추적관찰하였다. 결과: 대상 환아 117명 중 남아는 55%로 여아보다 많았고, 1세 미만은 66%로 이중 남아가 64%였다. 배뇨중 방광요도조영술 상 역류를 보인 161요관 중 grade I이 15요관, grade II이 32요관, grade III이 54요관, grade IV가 26요관, grade V가 34요관이었다. 99mTC-DMSA 신 스캔을 시행한 161신단위(115례)에서 신피질결손이 62%에서 관찰되 었고, 신피질결손은 역류 정도(grade)가 심할수록 신피질결손 형성율이 높았다. 초기에 항생제 예방요법을 시작한 총94요관에서 평균 43.6개월 추적으로 66요관(67%)에서 소실 및 호전을 보였고, 나머지 9요관(10%)에서 악화되어 수술적 치료를 하였다. 역류의 정도가 낮을수록 자연소실율이 높았으나 신피질결손이 미만성인 경우와 4세 이후 자연 소실율은 현저히 낮았다. 수술적 치료를 시행한 67역류요관(41%) 중 5요관에서 grade가 감소된 상태에서 여전히 남아 있었고, 나머지 62요관에서 모두 소실되어 92%의 소실율을 보였다. 결론: 요로감염을 동반한 VUR 환아에서 99mTC-DMSA신 스캔 상 신피질결손이 62%에서 관찰되었으며, 역류 정도가 심할수록 신피질결손 발견율이 높았고, 나이가 많고 미만성 신피질결손이 보이는 경우 자연소실율이 낮았다.

Introduction: Persistent vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), a major cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children, can result in serious renal complications, such as reflux nephropathy and chronic renal failure. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of VUR. Methods: From December 1993 to May 2011, we examined 117 children with vesicoureteral reflux who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and Urology, Chungbuk National University hospital for a UTI. The patients were managed medically or surgically. Results: Male patients had a slightly higher prevalence of VUR than female patients (55%). The degrees of the 161 refluxing ureters, as classified by the International Reflux Study Committee, were as follows: grade I, 15 ureters; grade II, 32 ureters; grade III, 54 ureters; grade IV, 26 ureters; grade V, 34 ureters. One hundred and sixty-one renal units (115 cases) underwent a 99m TC-DMSA renal scan, and 62% showed abnormal findings. The incidence of renal cortical defects showed a direct correlation with the severity of VUR. Ninety-four refluxing ureters were followed up medically, and 66 ureters (67%) either disappeared or improved. However, 9 refluxing ureters persisted. The spontaneous resolution rate of VUR seemed to be higher in younger patients with lower grades of reflux, and without renal cortical defects. Sixty-seven refluxing ureters (41%) were treated surgically, 62 refluxing ureters (92%) disappeared, and 5 refluxing ureters (8%) persisted. Conclusion: The incidence of renal cortical defects in patients with UTIs was 62% (in a 99m TC-DMSA renal scan), and showed a direct correlation with the severity of VUR. The spontaneous resolution rate seemed to be lower in the patients with higher grades of VUR, older age (over 4 years old) and diffuse renal cortical defects.

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