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A Study of Effect of the Radiative Heat Flux on the Evacuation of Agents

화재에 의해 발생하는 복사열이 재실자의 피난거동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

  • Bae, Sungryong (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Yup (Fire Research Center, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Shin, Hyun-Joon (Fire Research Center, Korea Institute of Construction Technology) ;
  • Ryou, Hong-Sun (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ.)
  • 배승용 (중앙대학교 기계공학부) ;
  • 김정엽 (한국건설기술연구원 화재안전연구센터) ;
  • 신현준 (한국건설기술연구원 화재안전연구센터) ;
  • 유홍선 (중앙대학교 기계공학부)
  • Received : 2013.12.16
  • Accepted : 2014.02.17
  • Published : 2014.02.28

Abstract

Recently, the safety assessments with using the various evacuation programs are performed for improving the performance of fire and evacuation safety in the building. Generally, the evacuation programs can simulate the human behavior in fire situation by applying the variation of the movement speed and Fractional Effective Dose (FED) index in the smoke. However, if the simulation is performed without optional setting around the fire, the agents do not avoid the fire and they move through the fire. Therefore in this study, we define the radiative repulsion force which exists between the fire and the agents. Moreover, we modify the Helbing's movement model by adding the radiative repulsion force. As a result of the modified movement model, all agents move around the fire and they do not enter the upper bound area of radiative heat flux, $2.4kW/m^2$. From these results, we verified the reliability of the modified movement model.

최근 건축물의 화재 및 피난안전성능을 향상시키기 위한 성능위주설계가 법제화됨에 따라 다양한 피난해석 프로그램을 이용한 안전성 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 일반적으로 피난해석 프로그램의 경우, 연기농도에 따른 이동속도변화 및 유독가스에 의한 독성효과를 적용함으로써 화재 시 재실자의 피난특성 분석이 가능하다. 하지만, 화재에 대한 임의의 설정을 하지 않는 경우 화재주변에서 피난을 하지 않거나 화재 위로 이동을 하는 등의 비현실적인 결과를 예측한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 화재로부터 발생하는 복사열에 의해 피난자가 화재를 피해 이동할 수 있도록 복사열 반발력을 정의하였다. 또한 복사열 반발력을 고려할 수 있도록 Helbing의 이동모델을 개선함으로써 기존 이동모델과 비교하였다. 수치해석결과 모든 피난자가 복사열 반발력에 의해 화재를 우회하여 이동하고, 한계 복사열유동의 최대값인 $2.4kW/m^2$에 도달하지 않는 것을 통해 개선모델의 신뢰도를 확인하였다.

Keywords

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