• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2001

Characgcteristics of nocturnal boundary layer(NBL) were analyzed by the upper-air observations data using with the airsonde and pilot balloons from 1994 to 1999 in Kyungpook province. The automate weather boundary layer can become stably stratified when the surface is cooler than the air. Stable nocturnal boundary layer height were estimated from the top of surface stable layer where the vertical gradient of temperature and mixing ratio tend to zero or negative. The depth of the stable nocturnal boundary layer depended largely on the thermal effect rather than the wind effect at nighttime. The NBL was more developed on the land than on the coastal region. The stability index (bulk Richardson number) showed that the NBL was stable when the wind was weak and the vertical gradient of the temperature was strong. The heat budget in the NBL was studied by considering the effect of the radiative and the cooled by both the longwave radiative flux and the divergence of the heat flux, while NBL under the cloudy sky the longwave radiative flux played a role of the warming. It was noted that the heat was not conserved in both cases. To complete the heat budget in the NBL the warming/cooling by advection and subsidence must be considered.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1451-1458
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• 2001

The effects of a specularly reflecting surface on the wall heat flux and medium temperature distribution are studied. The system is an infinite square duct enclosing an absorbing and emitting medium. The walls are opaque, and black or gray. The walls emit diffusely but reflect diffusely or speculary. Heat is transferred by the combined effect of conduction and radiation. The radiative heat transfer is analyzed using direct discrete-ordinates method. The parameters under study are conduction, to radiation parameter, optical depth, wall emissivity, and reflection characteristics. The specular reflection and diffuse reflection show sizeable differences when the conduction to radiation parameter is less than around 0.01. The differences appear only either on the side wall heat flux or on the medium temperature profiles for the range of this study. The differences on the side wall heat flux are observed for optical thickness less than around 0.1 However the differences on the medium temperate profiles are found for optical thickness greater than around 1. The difference increase with increasing reflectance. The specular reflection increases the well heat flux gradient along the side wall.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

최근 건축물의 화재 및 피난안전성능을 향상시키기 위한 성능위주설계가 법제화됨에 따라 다양한 피난해석 프로그램을 이용한 안전성 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 일반적으로 피난해석 프로그램의 경우, 연기농도에 따른 이동속도변화 및 유독가스에 의한 독성효과를 적용함으로써 화재 시 재실자의 피난특성 분석이 가능하다. 하지만, 화재에 대한 임의의 설정을 하지 않는 경우 화재주변에서 피난을 하지 않거나 화재 위로 이동을 하는 등의 비현실적인 결과를 예측한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 화재로부터 발생하는 복사열에 의해 피난자가 화재를 피해 이동할 수 있도록 복사열 반발력을 정의하였다. 또한 복사열 반발력을 고려할 수 있도록 Helbing의 이동모델을 개선함으로써 기존 이동모델과 비교하였다. 수치해석결과 모든 피난자가 복사열 반발력에 의해 화재를 우회하여 이동하고, 한계 복사열유동의 최대값인 $2.4kW/m^2$에 도달하지 않는 것을 통해 개선모델의 신뢰도를 확인하였다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-31
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• 1985

Making use of the arbitrary shock theory developed by Ulmschneider (1967, 1971) and Ulmschneider and Kalkofen (1978), we have calculated the dissipation rates of upward-travelling slow-mode acoustic shock waves in umbral chromospheres for two umbral chromosphere models, a plateau model by Avrett (1981) and a gradient model by Yun and Beebe (1984). The computed shock dissipation rates are compared with the radiative cooling rate given by Avrett (1981). The results show that the slow-mode acoustic shock waves with a period of about 20 second can heat the low umbral chromospheres travelling with a mechanical energy flux of $2.6{\times}10^6\;erg/cm^2s$ at a height of $300{\sim}400km$ above the temperature minimum region.