Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nutrients Variation in Bottom Layer of Jinhae Bay

진해만과 주변해역 저층 영양염의 시·공간적 변동 특성

  • Choi, Tae-Jun (Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Kwon, Jung-No (Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Lim, Jae-Hyun (Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Kim, Seul-Min (Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
  • 최태준 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 권정노 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 임재현 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과) ;
  • 김슬민 (국립수산과학원 어장환경과)
  • Received : 2014.09.17
  • Accepted : 2014.12.26
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In respect of the nutrients cycling in coastal environment, regeneration in bottom layer is one of major source of nutrients. We analyzed the bottom water quality at the 14 stations during 9 years from 2004 to 2012 to investigate the characteristics of nutrients at bottom layer in Jinhae Bay. Concentrations of DIN, DIP and DSi showed the large seasonal variation and were higher in summer. Especially, average concentrations of these nutrients were two times higher in hypoxic season than in normoxic season. In summer, high concentrations of DIN, DIP and DSi caused by regeneration were common feature, but spatial distribution of DSi differ from that of DIN and DIP. DIN and DIP were higher in Masan Bay, while DSi was higher in Masan Bay as well as in center of Jinhae Bay. In comparison with DIN and DIP, DSi was significantly affected by nutrients regeneration at bottom layer in whole season. According to time series analysis, DIN concentration was decreased from approximately $14{\mu}M$ to $6{\mu}M$. This result induce that Si:N ratio at bottom layer in Jinhae Bay changed from approximately 1 to 3.

연안환경의 영양염 순환에서 저층에서의 영양염 재생산(regeneration)은 주요한 영양염 공급원 중 하나이다. 진해만 저층 영양염의 거동을 살펴보기 위해 2004년부터 2012년까지 9년간 진해만 내 14개 정점의 수질자료를 분석하였다. 저층의 용존무기질소, 인산염인, 규산염규소는 계절적 변동성을 나타내었고, 하계에 가장 높은 농도를 보였다. 특히, 빈산소 수괴(hypoxia) 형성 시기의 평균 영양염 농도는 정상산소상태(normoxia) 시기에 비해 약 2배 더 높게 나타났다. 하계 진해만의 저층 용존무기질소, 인산염인, 규산염규소의 농도는 재생산에 의해 모두 높은 경향을 보였으나, 공간적 농도 분포는 차이를 나타내었다. 용존무기질소와 인산염인은 마산만에서 가장 높은 농도를 보이는 반면 규산염규소는 마산만 뿐만 아니라 진해만 중심부에서도 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 또한 다른 영양염에 비해 규산염규소는 전 계절 동안 저층에서의 재생산이 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 시계열 분석 결과 9년간 용존무기질소의 농도는 약 $14{\mu}M$에서 $6{\mu}M$로 뚜렷한 감소를 나타내었다. 용존무기질소의 감소로 인해 진해만 저층의 Si/N 비는 약 1에서 3으로 증가된 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baek, S. H. and Y. O. Kim(2010), The study of summer season in Jinhae Bay - Short-term changes of community structure and horizontal distribution characteristics of phytoplankton, The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 115-124.
  2. Belias, C., M. Dassenaks and M. Scoullos(2007), Study on the N, P and Si fluxes between fish farm sediment and seawater. Results of simulation experiments employing a benthic chamber under various redox conditions, Marine Chemistry, Vol. 103, No. 3-4, pp. 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2006.09.005
  3. Canfield, D. E., B. Thamdrup and E. Kristensen(2005), Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Elsevier Academic Press,48:640
  4. Cho, H. S., D. I. Lee, Y. H. Yoon, M. O. Lee and D. M. Kim(2004), Temporal variation of water quality of the western Chinhae Bay in summer, Journal of the Korea Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 13-21.
  5. Cho, K. J., M. Y. Choi, S. K. Kwak, S. H. Im, D. Y. Kim, J. G. Park and Y. E. Kim(1998), Eutrophication and seasonal variation of water quality in Masan-Jinhae Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 193-202.
  6. Conley, D. J., C. Humborg, L. Rahm, O. P. Savchuk and F. Wulff(2002), Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and basin-scale changes in phosphorus biochemistry, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 36, No. 24, pp. 5315-5320. https://doi.org/10.1021/es025763w
  7. Cowan, J. L. W., J. R. Pennock and W. R. Boynton(1996), Seasonal and inter annual patterns of sediment-water nutrient and oxygen fluxes in Mobile Bay, Alabama(U.S.A): regulating factors and ecological significance, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 141, pp. 229-245. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps141229
  8. Danielsson, A.(2014), Influence of hypoxia on DSi concentrations in the Baltic Proper (Baltic Sea), Boreal environment research, 19:00-00.
  9. Gundersen, K.(1981), The distribution and biological transformations of nitrogen in the Baltic Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 199-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(81)90171-5
  10. Han, M. S., S. W. Kim and Y. O. Kim(1991), Influence of discontinuous layer on plankton community structure and distribution in Masan Bay, Korea, Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 459-471.
  11. Herbert, R. A.(1999), Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine ecosystems, FEMS Microbiology Review, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 563-590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00414.x
  12. Hong, G. H., K. T. Kim, S. J. Pae, S. H. Kim and S. H. Lee(1991), Annual cycles of nutrients and dissolved oxygen in a nutrient-rich temperate coastal bay, Chinhae Bay, Korea, The journal of the Oceanological Society of Korea, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 204-222.
  13. Hori, Y., S. Mochizuki and N. Shimamoto(2008), Relationship between the discoloration of cultivated Porphyra thalii and long-term changes of the environmental factors in the northern part of Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan, Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Oceanography, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 107-112
  14. Hyun, B. G., K. Shin, D. S. Kim, Y. O. Kim, H. M. Joo and S. H. Baek(2011), Understanding of phytoplankton community dynamics through algae bioassay experiment during winter season of Jinhae bay, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 27-38. https://doi.org/10.7850/jkso.2011.16.1.027
  15. Kemp, W. M., P. A. Sanipou, J. Garber, J. Tuttle and W. R. Boynton(1992), Seasonal depletion of oxygen from bottom waters of Chesapeake Bay: roles of benthic and planktonic respiration and physical exchange processes, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 85, pp. 137-152. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps085137
  16. Kim, S. Y., Y. H. Lee, Y. S. Kim, J. H. Shim, M. J. Ye, J. W. Jeon, J, R. Hwang and S. H. Jun(2012), Characteristics of marine environmental in the hypoxic Season at Jinhae bay in 2010, Korean Journal of Nature Conservation, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 115-129. https://doi.org/10.11624/KJNC.2012.6.2.115
  17. Kwon, J. N., J. Lee, Y. Kim, J. H. Lim, T. J. Choi, M. J. Ye, J. W. Jun and S. Kim(2014), Long-term variations of water quality in Jinhae Bay, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment and Energy, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 324-332. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2014.17.4.324
  18. Lee, J. S., K. H. Kim, S. S. Kim, R. H. Jung, K. Y. Kim, J. S. Park, P. Y. Lee, Y. S. Lee, W. J. Choi, Y. C. Park, P. J. Kim, W. C. Lee, J. N. Kwon, K. H. Uhm, J. I. Choi, K. A. Jeon and J. H. Han(2004), The assessment of trophic state and the importance of benthic boundary layer in the southern coast of Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 179-195.
  19. Lee, P. Y., J. S. Park, C. M. Kang, H. G. Choi and J. S. Park(1993), Studies on oxygen-deficient watermass in Chinhae Bay, Bulletin of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Vol. 48, pp. 25-38.
  20. Lehtoranta, J. and A. S. Heiskanen(2003), Dissolved iron: phosphate ratio as an indicator of phosphate release to oxic water of the inner and outer coastal Baltic Sea, Hyrdobiologia, Vol. 492, No. 1-3, pp. 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024822013580
  21. Matsuoka, S., S. Yoshimatsu, A. Ono, K. Ichimi, M. Fujiwara, K. Honda and K. Tada(2005) Discoloration of nori(Porphyra) and characteristics of water quality in eastern Bisan Seto, Bulletin on coastal oceanography, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 77-84.
  22. Middelburg, J. J. and L. A. Levin(2009), Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry, Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 3655-3706. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-3655-2009
  23. MLTM(2010), Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Marine environment standard methods, p. 495.
  24. Nishikara, T., Y. Hori, S. Nagai, K. Miyahara, Y. Nakamura, K. Harada, M. Tanda, T. Manabe and K. Tada(2010), Nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan during a 35-year period from 1973 to 2007, Estuaries and Coasts, Vol. 33, pp. 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9198-0
  25. Nishikara, T., Y. Hori, S. Nagai, K. Miyahara, Y. Nakamura, K. Harada, K. Tada and I. Imai(2011), Long tine-series observations in population dynamics of the harmful diatom Eucampia Zodiacus and environmental factors in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan during 1974-2008, Plankton and Benthos Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 26-34. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.6.26
  26. Park, J. H., Y. S. Cho, W. C. Lee, S. J. Hong, H. C. Kim and J. B. Kim(2012), Comparison of material flux at the sediment-water interface in marine finfish and abalone cage farms, Southern Coast of Korea; In-situ and Laboratory Incubation Examination, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 536-544. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2012.18.6.536
  27. Rabalais, N. N., R. E. Turner, D. Justic, Q. Dortch, W. J. Wiseman and B. K. S. Gupta(1996), Nutrient changes in the Mississippi River and system responses on the adjacent continental shelf, Estuaries, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 386-407. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352458
  28. Richard, M., P. Archambault, G. Thouzeau and G. Desresies(2007), Summer influence of 1 and 2 yr old mussel cultures on benthic fluxes in Grande-Entree lagoon, Iles-de-la-Madeleine(Quebec, Canada), Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 338, pp. 131-143. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps338131
  29. Scoullos, M., C. Zeri, M. Dassenakis and E. Kaberi(1987), Study of nutrients' behavior under extreme oxidative condition, B' Hellenic Symposium of Fisheries and Oceanography, Athens 11-15 May, 1987(in Greek)
  30. Son, M., S. H. Baek, H. M. Joo, P. G. Jang and Y. O. Kim(2011), Distributional characteristics of Escherichia coli and water pollution in Gwangyang Bay and Jinhae Bay, Korea, The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 162-170.
  31. Son, M., B. G. Hyun, D. S. Kim, H. W. Choi, Y. O. Kim and S. H. Baek(2012), The Correlation between environmental factors and phytoplankton communities in spring and summer stratified water-column at Jinhae Bay, Korea, The Korean Journal of Environment Biology, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 219-230.
  32. Son, M., D. S. Kim and S. H. Baek(2014), Distributional characteristics of phytoplankton and nutrient limitation during spring season in Jinhae Bay, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 3345-3350. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.5.3345
  33. Sorensen, J.(1978), Capacity for denitrification and reduction of nitrate to ammonia in a coastal marine sediment, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 301-305.
  34. Tada, K., M. Fujiwara and T. Honjo(2010), Water quality and nori(Porphyra)culture in the Seto Inland Sea, BUNSEKI KAGAKU, Vol. 59, No. 11, pp. 945-955. https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.59.945
  35. Villnas, A., J. Norkko, K. Lukkari, J. Hewitt and A. Norkko(2012), Consequences of increasing hypoxic disturbance on benthic communities and ecosystem functioning, PloS one, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. e44920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044920
  36. Waldeback, M., E. Rydin and K. Markides(1988), Use of accelerated solvent extraction for determination of ecological important phosphorus in lake sediments, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 257-266.
  37. Yang, D. B. and J. S. Hong(1988), On the biogeochemical characteristic of surface sediments in Chinhae bay in September 1983, Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 195-205.