Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회지)

The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국광물학회)
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Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Fault Gouge in Pyrite-rich Andesite

함황철석 안산암 내 단층 비지의 광물학적 및 지구화학적 연구

  • Received : 2014.12.09
  • Accepted : 2014.12.24
  • Published : 2014.12.30
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Abstract

To investigate the role of fault gauge in the behavior of heavy metals caused by the acid rock drainage in the area of pyrite-rich andesite, XRD, pH measurement, XRF, SEM-EDS, ICP, and sequential extraction method were used. Bed rock consists of quartz, pyrophyllite, pyrite, illite, and topaz, but the brown-colored fault gouge is composed of quartz, illite, chlorite, smectite, goethite, and cacoxenite. The mineral composition of bed rock suggests that it is heavily altered by hydrothermal activity. The concentrations of heavy metals in the bed rock are as follows, Zn > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd, and those in fault gouge are As > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the fault gouge are generally higher than those in the bed rock, especially for Pb, As, and Cr, which were more than twice as those in the bed rock. It is believed that the difference in the amount of heavy metals between the bed rock and the fault gouge is mainly due to the existence of goethite which is the main mineral composition in the fault gouge and can play important role in sequestering these metals by coprecipitation and adsorption. The low pH, caused by oxidation of pyrite, also plays significant role in fixation of those metals. It is confirmed that the fractions of labile (step 1) and acid-soluble (step 2), which can be easily released into the environment, were higher in the bed rock. Those fractions were relatively low in fault gauge, suggesting that fault gauge can play important role as a sink of heavy metals to prevent those ones from being released in the area where the acid rock drainage can have an influence.

황철석이 다량 존재하는 지역에서 산성암석배수에 의한 중금속 거동과 관련된 단층비지의 역할을 알아보기 위해, 양산지역에 분포하는 함황철석 안산암의 모암과 단층비지에 대하여 XRD, pH, XRF, SEM-EDS, ICP 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 모암의 주 구성광물로 석영(quartz), 엽랍석(pyrophyllite), 황철석(pyrite), 일라이트(illite), 황옥(topaz)이 관찰되었고 짙은 갈색의 단층비지 시료의 경우 석영(quartz), 일라이트(illite), 녹니석(chlorite), 스멕타이트(smectite), 침철석(goethite), 카콕세나이트(cacoxenite)가 동정되었으며 침철석이 주 구성광물이었다. 모암에서 동정된 광물 종으로 보아 모암은 열수 변질 작용을 많이 받은 것으로 보인다. ICP분석 결과 각 시료의 중금속 농도는 모암의 경우 Zn > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd 순을 보였으며, 단층비지의 경우 As > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd 순으로 나타났다. 두 시료를 비교해 보면 중금속의 총량은 전체적으로 단층비지에서 상대적으로 더 높은 값을 나타내며 특히 Pb, As, Cr은 2배 이상의 큰 차이를 보인다. 이러한 차이는 단층비지의 주 구성광물인 침철석의 높은 반응성과 넓은 표면적에 의해 Pb, As, Cr과 같은 중금속들이 공침 혹은 흡착되어 특히 높은 농도를 나타내며 또한 황철석의 산화에 의한 낮은 pH에 의하여 이러한 효과가 더욱 증가되었다고 사료된다. 그리고 자연환경에 쉽게 영향을 줄 수 있는 labile (step 1)과 acid-soluble (step 2)을 합한 농도의 비율은 대부분의 중금속이 모암에서 더 높게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 연구지역에서 단층비지는 모암에 비하여 많은 양의 중금속을 함유하고 연속추출법 단계 중 상대적으로 자연에 쉽게 유출될 수 있는 단계의 비율이 낮은 것으로 나타나 산성암석배수에 의한 피해가 예상되는 지역에서 단층비지는 중금속이 쉽게 용출되지 않게 하는 저장소로 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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