DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice Makgeolli Produced under Differing Conditions

발효조건을 달리하여 제조한 현미 막걸리의 품질특성

  • Baek, Chang-Ho (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Ji-Ho (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Han Seok (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jeong, Seok-Tae (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jae Hyun (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Jeong, Yong-Jin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Yeo, Soo-Hwan (Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, NAAS, RDA)
  • 백창호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 최지호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 최한석 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 정석태 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 김재현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 정용진 (계명대학교 식품가공학과) ;
  • 여수환 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부)
  • Received : 2012.10.15
  • Accepted : 2013.02.21
  • Published : 2013.06.28

Abstract

In this study we investigated the possibility of preparing brewed brown rice makgeolli, a traditional Korean rice wine, under diverse conditions. For this purpose the physicochemical characteristics of makgeolli brewed at different temperatures, utilizing a variety of nuruks, the traditional Korean fermentation agent, were studied. The alcohol content was seen to be highest when brewing occurred at $30^{\circ}C$, with the nuruk TN producing 16.2%. At $20^{\circ}C$TN produced 14.1% alcohol content. The alcohol content was therefore higher, by about 2%, for $30^{\circ}C$ fermentations than $20^{\circ}C$ fermentations. Similarly, saccharifying activity was influenced by temperature and sugar content, with a higher activity seen at $30^{\circ}C$ than at $20^{\circ}C$. As the fermentations progressed acidification petered out, with titratable acidity being 0.50-0.67% in all end samples. On the Hunter L, a, b scale; the a value decreased slightly, while the b value increased steadily during the fermentation process. Measurements of total organic acids were highest at $30^{\circ}C$, with the nuruk AK, at about 550 mg%. The content of citric acid was the highest at $30^{\circ}C$, being 230-310 mg% in all samples. However, more lactic acid was detected at $20^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$. Total free amino acid was highest at $30^{\circ}C$, with TN at $8,605{\mu}g/ml$, AK at $6,083{\mu}g/ml$, and RJ at $2,381{\mu}g/ml$. Total free amino acid and essential amino acid was shown to be higher at $30^{\circ}C$ than at $20^{\circ}C$. The bioactive substance ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid was also higher at $30^{\circ}C$, with TN at $223{\mu}g/ml$. From all of these results, we surmise that brown rice makgeolli manufacturing conditions are optimal at $30^{\circ}C$ fermentation temperatures and using the nuruk TN for brewing vinegar. In addition, the nuruk used clearly affects the quality of brown rice makgeolli and an appropriate method to determine the best nuruk for various purposes should be pursued.

본 연구는 발효조건을 달리한 현미 막걸리의 술덧성분 변화를 조사하였다. 서로 다른 발효제와 발효온도에 따른 알코올의 차이는 $30^{\circ}C$ 발효가 $20^{\circ}C$보다 알코올 도수가 평균 2% 정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 당화력 차이는 발효 초기부터 $20^{\circ}C$보다 $30^{\circ}C$ 발효액의 당도가 높게 나타난 것으로 보아 알코올 도수에도 영향을 미치며, pH는 발효 4일까지는 서서히 감소하였고 그 이후, 변화의 폭은 크지 않았다. 적정산도는 발효가 끝날 때까지 지속적으로 증가하였으며, $20^{\circ}C$ AK의 적정산도가 가장 높게(0.57%) 나타났고, $30^{\circ}C$ 발효 술덧에서는 0.66%로 산패 가능성은 없었다. 색도 중 L 값과 a 값은 발효초기의 모든 술덧에 비해 발효 종료시점에 조금 낮아지며, b 값은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 꾸준히 상승하였다. 발효 술덧의 유기산은 총 9종이 검출되었으며, 그 중 citric acid 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. Lactic acid는 오히려 $20^{\circ}C$ 발효술덧에서 더 많이 검출된 것으로 보아 발효온도에 따라 생성된 유기산이 차이가 있었다. 유리아미노산 함량은 발효제 종류 및 발효온도에 따라 크게 차이가 있었고, 유리아미노산은 $20^{\circ}C$보다 $30^{\circ}C$ 발효 술덧에 많이 있었다. 이상의 결과를 살펴보면, $30^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 현미 막걸리가 더욱 우수한 품질을 가지며, 누룩 종류 및 발효온도에 따라서 현미 막걸리의 주질이 결정된다. 향후, 농가형 흑초 제조에 적합한 현미 막걸리의 술덧 제조가 가장 중요하다고 여겨진다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, S. M., Y. H. Lee, M. K. Lee, S. A. Kang, and C. Cheong. 2008. Effect of traditional nuruk ration and yeast on the fermentation and quality of yakju. J. East. Asian. Soc. Dietary Life. 18: 41-48.
  2. Cho, K. S., E. Y. Jong, and M. K. Kim. 2012. Brewing and quality characteristics of SchisandrachinensisYakju. J. Appl. Biol. Chem. 55: 163-167. https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2012.025
  3. Han, E. H., T. S. Lee, B. S. Noh, and D. S. Lee. 1997. Quality characteristics in mash of makgeolli prepared by using different nuruk during fermentation. Korean J. Food Technol. 29: 555-562.
  4. Han, E. H., T. S. Lee, B. S. Noh, and D. S. Lee. 1997. Volatile flavor components in mash of makgeolli prepared by using different nuruks. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 29: 563-570.
  5. Jin, T. Y., H. J. Chung, and J. B. Eun. 2006. The effect of fermentation temperature on the quality of Jinyangju, a Korean traditional rice wine. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 38: 414-418.
  6. Jo, D. H., H. J. Chung, H. Y. Cho, and S. T. Lim. 2011. Health function and utilization products of germinated brown rice. Food. Sci. Ind. 44: 76-86.
  7. Kim, H. R., S. J. Jo, S. J. Lee, and B. H. Ahn. 2008. Physicochemical and sensory characterization of a Korean traditional rice wine prepared from different in ingredients. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 40: 551-557.
  8. Kim, M. J., B. H. Kim, J. K. Han, S. Y. Lee, and K. S. Kim. 2011. Analysis of quality properties and fermentative microbial profiles of makgeolli and yakju brewed with or without steaming process. J. FdHyg. Safety 26: 64-69.
  9. Ko, M. R., H. J. Choi, D. K. Han, S. S. Yoo, H. S. Kim, H. S. Choi, S. W. Choi, N. Y. Hur, C. N. Kim, B. Y. Kim, and M. Y. Baik. 2011. Antioxidative components and antioxidative capacity of brown and black rice. Food. Eng. Prog. 15: 195-202.
  10. Lee, H. S., C. S. Park, and J. Y. Choi. 2010. Quality characteristics of the mashes of makgeolli prepared using different yeasts. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 42: 56-62.
  11. Lee, O. S., Y. J. Jeong, Y. D. Ha, K. E. Kim, J. S. Shin, and H. Kwon. 2001. Monitoring of alcohol fermentation condition with brown rice using raw starch-digesting enzyme. Korean J. Post. Sci. Technol. 8: 412-418.
  12. Lee, S. J. and B. H. Ahn. 2010. Sensory profiling of rice wines made with nuruks using different ingredients. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 42: 119-123.
  13. Lee, S. W., J. H. Kwon, S. R. Yoon, S. M. Woo, S. Y. Jang, S. H. Yeo, J. H. Choi, and Y. H. Jeong. 2010. Qualityh characteristics of brown rice vinegar by different yeasts and fermentation condition. J. Korean Soc Food SciNutr. 39: 1366-1372. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.9.1366
  14. Min, Y. K., M. K. Lee, and H. S. Jeong. 1997. Fermentation characteristics of jujube alcoholic beverage from different additional level of jujube fruit. J. Korean Agric. Chem. Soc. 40: 433-437.
  15. Oh, Y. A., S. D. Kim, and K. H. Kim. 1997. Changers of sugars, organic acid and amino acids content during fermentation of pine needle added Kimchi. J. Food. Sci. Technol. Cuth. 9: 45-50.
  16. Park, C. W., S. Y. Jang, E. J. Park, S. H. Yeo, O. M. Kim, and Y. J. Jeong. 2011. Comparison of the quality characteristics of commercial makgeolli type in South Korea. Korean J. Food. Preserv. 18: 884-890.
  17. Shin, J. S., O. S. Lee, K. E. Kim, and Y. J. Jeong. 2003. Monitoring of alcohol fermentation condition of brown rice using raw starch digesting enzyme. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 32: 375-380. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.3.375
  18. Son, H. S., B. D. Park, B. K. Ko, and C. H. Lee. 2011. Quality characteristics of makgeolliproduced by adding different amounts of water. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 43: 453-457.
  19. Song, J. C. and H. J. Park. 2003. Makgeolli brewing using the uncooked germed brown rice at second stage mash. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 32: 847-854. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.847
  20. Woo, K. S., J. S. Lee, J. Y. Ko, S. B. Song, B. G. Oh, J. R. Kang, M. H. Nam, I. S. Ryu, and M. C. Seo. 2010. Physicochemical characteristics of Korean traditional wine fermented from foxtail millet (Setaria italic Beauvios) and nuruk at different addition rates. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 42: 298-303.
  21. Woo, S. M., T. Y. Kim, S. H. Yeo, S. B. Kim, J. S. Kim, M. H. Kim, and Y. J. Jeong. 2007. Quality characteristics of alcohol fermentation broth and by-product of brown rice varieties. Korean J. Food. Preserv. 14: 557-563.
  22. Woo, S. M., J .S. Shin, J. H. Seong, S. H. Yeo, J. H. Choi, T. Y. Kim, and Y. J. Jeong. 2010. Quality characteristics of brown rice makgeolli by different nuruks. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 39: 301-307. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.2.301

Cited by

  1. Aspergillus oryzae를 이용한 배 착즙박 누룩의 제조 및 막걸리 발효특성 vol.41, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4489/kjm.2013.41.4.255
  2. 혼합잡곡 증류주 제조를 위한 발효 특성 vol.46, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2014.46.4.446
  3. 쌀 품종과 누룩 배합비율에 따른 탁주의 품질 특성 vol.21, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.6.892
  4. Biometrics Analysis and Evaluation on Korean Makgeolli Using Brainwaves and Taste Biological Sensor System vol.2015, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/918631
  5. Quality Characteristics of Takju, Yakju, Spirit made by Cereal Nuruks vol.21, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2015.21.1.019019019
  6. 보리의 품종 및 도정률이 막걸리의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향 vol.44, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2015.44.12.1839
  7. 현미와 다시마분말의 첨가수준을 달리한 증편의 품질특성 vol.32, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.2.178
  8. 보리의 품종 및 도정률에 따른 막걸리의 품질특성평가 vol.23, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.4.530
  9. 보리와 밀 혼합막걸리의 품질특성 vol.29, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.4.565
  10. 저온 적응성 효모와 발효온도에 따른 약주의 품질특성 변화 vol.23, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.5.666
  11. 제주 동백나무 겨우살이를 첨가한 막걸리의 항산화 및 항비만 활성 vol.60, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2017.037
  12. 시판 생막걸리의 이화학 성분과 관능적 특성 분석 vol.27, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2017.10.27.5.491
  13. 국내 생막걸리에서 분리한 야생 효모의 특성 vol.24, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2017.24.7.1043
  14. Development of Multilayer Perceptron Model for the Prediction of Alcohol Concentration of Makgeolli vol.43, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5307/jbe.2018.43.3.229
  15. Quality Characteristics of White Pan Bread Produced from Resistant Starch-Enhanced Brown Rice vol.24, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2018.24.9.018
  16. Fermentation characteristics and inhibitory effect of brown rice vinegar on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells vol.28, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2021.28.3.416