Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response through the Activation of Nrf2 Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells

  • Lee, Jae-Won (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Choi, Yong-Jun (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Jun-Ho (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Sim, Jae-Young (College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kwon, Yong-Soo (College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee Jae (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Soo (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chun, Wanjoo (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2012.11.22
  • Accepted : 2013.01.04
  • Published : 2013.01.31
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Abstract

3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid (THC) is a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acids, which have been reported to possess a variety of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective activities. However, biological activity of THC has not been extensively examined. Recently, we reported that THC possesses anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. However, its precise mechanism by which THC exerts anti-inflammatory action has not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present study was carried out to understand the anti-inflammatory mechanism of THC in BV2 microglial cells. THC effectively suppressed the LPS-induced induction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$. THC also suppressed expression of MCP-1, which plays a key role in the migration of activated microglia. To understand the underlying mechanism by which THC exerts these anti-inflammatory properties, involvement of Nrf2, which is a cytoprotective transcription factor, was examined. THC resulted in increased phosphorylation of Nrf2 with consequent expression of HO-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. THC-induced phosphorylation of Nrf2 was blocked with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, indicating that p38 MAPK is the responsible kinase for the phosphorylation of Nrf2. Taken together, the present study for the first time demonstrates that THC exerts anti-inflammatory properties through the activation of Nrf2 in BV2 microglial cells, suggesting that THC might be a valuable therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of inflammation-related disorders in the CNS.

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References

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