DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Combustion Characteristics of Swine Manure, Poultry Manure and Mixtures

돈분, 계분 그리고 혼합물에 대한 연소특성

  • Chung, Yeong-Jin (Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Kangwon National University)
  • 정영진 (강원대학교 소방방재공학과)
  • Received : 2013.07.08
  • Accepted : 2013.08.22
  • Published : 2013.12.10

Abstract

In this work, the combustive properties of the swine manure, poultry manure, and mixtures based on the resource recycling-energy were investigated. After the specimens were dried to a constant weight by dry oven, combustive properties were tested by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It was found that the peak effective heat of combustion (PEHC) in the swine manure (78.72 MJ/kg) has risen due to more amount of the hydrocabon compared with poultry manure (69.41 MJ/kg), also the swine manure increased both of the higher $CO_2$ production rate (0.1959 g/s) and total smoke release rate (THRR) ($419m^2/m^2$) than those of the poultry manure. However, both of the CO production release (0.0996 kg/kg) and CO production rate (0034 g/s) in the poultry manure increased due to more amount of the inorganic contents compared with swine manure. Thus, the high combustion energy is expected to generate depend on the hydrocarbon content.

본 연구에서는 자원 재활용-에너지에 바탕을 둔 돈분, 계분, 혼합물의 연소특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 시험편은 건조 오븐을 이용하여 항량까지 건조시킨 후에, 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 연소성질을 시험하였다. 그 결과 돈분의 최대유효연소열(78.72 MJ/kg)은 계분(69.41 MJ/kg)과 비교하여 탄화수소의 많은 양 때문에 비교적 증가했다. 또한 돈분의 $CO_2$ 발생속도(0.1959 g/s)와 총연기발생률($419m^2/m^2$)도 각각에 대하여 계분보다 증가하였다. 반면에 계분의 CO 발생량(0.0996 kg/kg)과 CO 발생속도(0.0034 g/s)는 계분이 함유하고 있는 많은 무기물 함량 때문에 각각 돈분보다 높았다. 따라서 높은 연소 에너지는 탄화수소 함량에 의존하여 발생되는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Environment, Energy-Independent Rural Town Planning, Ministry of Environment (2009).
  2. Ministry of Agriculture Forestry Fisheries and Food, Dumping Manure on the Ocean Is to Completely Stop That From 1 January Each year, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry Fisheries and Food (2011).
  3. B. K. Ranjian, Sustainable urban energy-environment management with multiple objectives, The Journal of Energy., 21, 305 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(95)00098-4
  4. S. C. Hwang, Optimization System Research for Bio-Gas Production Using Manure to Comply with the Domestic Conditions, Ministry of Agriculture and Food (2006).
  5. Policy Department of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Livestock, Recycling of livestock Manure and Efficient Management Practices, Ministry of Agriculture and Food (2010).
  6. C. H. Kim, Energy Plan using Resource Recycling Manure, 2011 Natural Eco-farming Process, Agricultural Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Food (2011).
  7. V. Babrauskas, New Technology to Reduce Fire Losses and Costs. eds. S. J. Grayson and D. A. Smith. Elsevier Appied Science Publisher, London, UK (1986).
  8. M. M. Hirschler, Thermal Decomposition and Chemical Composition, American Chemical Society Symposium Series, 797 (2001).
  9. ISO 5660-1. Reaction-to-Fire Tests-Heat Release, Smoke Production and Mass Loss Rate-Part 1: Heat Release Rate (Cone Calorimeter Method), Genever (2001).
  10. I. G. Jeon, Mater Dissertation, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Korea (2013).
  11. Y. J. Chung, Comparison of combustion properties of native wood species used for fire pots in korea, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, 15-19 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2010.01.031
  12. F. M. Pearce, Y. P. Khanna, and D. Raucher, Thermal Analysis in Polymer flammability, Chap. 8, Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials, Academic Press, New York, U.S.A. (1981).
  13. J. D. DeHaan, Kirks's Fire Investigation, Fifth Edition, 84. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A. (2002).
  14. V. Babrauskas and S. J. Grayson, Heat Release in Fires. E & FN Spon (Chapman and Hall), London, UK (1992).
  15. V. Babrauskas, Heat Release Rate, Section 3, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Fourth ed., National Fire Protection Association. Massatusetts, U.S.A. (2008).
  16. Martha Windholz, THE MERK INDEX, Tenth Edition, Merk & Co. Inc., Pahway, New Jersey, U.S.A. (1983).
  17. D. Alonso, F. Martin. R. Vila. M. Mariscal, and M. Ojeda, Lopez Granados., and J. Santamaria-Gonzallez, Relevance of the physicochemical properties of CaO catalysts for the methanolysis of triglycerides to obtain biodiesel, Catalysis Today, 158, 114-120 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2010.05.003
  18. N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshow, Chemistry of Elements, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK (1997).
  19. M. M. Hirscher, Reduction of smoke formation from and flammability of thermoplastic polymers by metal oxides, Polymer, 25, 405-411 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(84)90296-9
  20. J. Zhang, D. D. Jiang, and C. A. Wilkie, Thermal and flame properties of polyethylene and polypropylene nanocomposites based on an oligomerically-modified clay, Polm. Degrad. Stab., 91, 298-304 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.006
  21. Y. J. Chung, H. M. Lim, E. Jin, and J. K. Oh, Combustion-retardation properties of low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate mixtures with magnesium hydroxide, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22, 439-443 (2011).
  22. Y. J. Chung, Comparison of combustion properties of the pinus rigida, castanea savita, and zelkova serrata, J. Korean Instiute of Fire Sci. Eng., 23, 73 (2009).