Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Calcium Hydroxide/Phosphoric Acid Suspending Agents on the Characteristics of Styrene-Based Suspension Polymerized Toners

수산화칼슘/인산 현탁제가 스타이렌 기반 현탁중합토너의 특성에 미치는 영향

  • Yu, Jae-Goang (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Su (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2012.03.04
  • Accepted : 2012.07.27
  • Published : 2012.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Optimizing a water-phase suspending system is very important to manufacture high-quality suspension polymerized toners. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the molar ratio of calcium hydroxide ($CaOH_2$)/phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$)(Ca/P), which were used as inorganic suspending agents, and pH of the water-phase on the characteristics of styrene-based suspension polymerized toners were mainly investigated. At first, the water-phase was fixed to neutral condition (pH=7.5) and Ca/P molar ratio was changed from 1.5:1 to 1.76:1. As a result, an ideal calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) was prepared at the Ca/P molar ratio of 1.73:1 and polymerized toners prepared at this condition showed good particle size distribution, circularity and charging characteristic. Based on this result, Ca/P molar ratio was fixed to 1.73:1 and pH of the water-phase was changed to weak acidic (pH=5.5) and weak basic (pH=9.5) conditions. As a result, polymerized toners prepared under the weak acidic condition showed very good particle size distribution, circularity and charging characteristic along with excellent printing quality. High-quality suspension polymerized toners could be prepared via optimizing Ca/P molar ratio and pH of the water-phase.

고품질의 현탁중합토너를 제조하기 위해서는 수상 현탁계의 최적화가 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 무기현탁제로 사용한 수산화칼슘($CaOH_2$)/인산($H_3PO_4$)(Ca/P)의 몰비 및 수상의 pH가 스타이렌 기반 현탁중합토너의 특성에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 조사하였다. 먼저 수상을 중성조건(pH=7.5)으로 고정하고 Ca/P의 몰비를 1.5:1부터 1.76:1까지 변화시켰다. 그 결과 Ca/P의 몰비를 1.73:1로 하였을 때 이상적인 인산칼슘염(하이드록시아파타이트)이 만들어졌으며 이 조건에서 제조된 중합토너는 입도분포, 원형화도 및 대전특성이 우수하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 Ca/P의 몰비를 1.73:1로 고정하고 수상을 약산성(pH=5.5) 및 약염기성(pH=9.5) 조건으로 변화시켰다. 그 결과 약산성 조건에서 제조된 중합토너는 더욱 더 우수한 입도분포, 원형화도 및 대전특성을 나타냈으며 인쇄품질도 매우 우수하였다. Ca/P의 몰비와 수상의 pH 조건을 최적화하여 고품질의 현탁중합토너를 제조할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Hong, J., Hong, C. K. and Shim, S. E., "Synthesis of Polystyrene Microspheres by Dispersion Polymerization Using Poly (vinyl alcohol) as a Steric Stabilizer in Aqueous Alcohol Media," Colloids and Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 302, 225-233 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.02.027
  2. Jeon, J. W. and Kim, S. S., "A Study on the PVA Particle Manufacturing for Polymerization Type Fine Toner," J. Korea Soc. Dyers and Finishers, 15(6), 8-17(2003).
  3. Park, M. S., "Preparation of Polystyrene Beads by Suspension Polymerization with Hydrophobic Silica as a Stabilizer in Aqueous Solution," Polymer(Korea), 30(6), 498-504(2006).
  4. Lee, J. H., Lee, S. N. and Park, M. S., "Preparation of Polystyrene Particles Based on Interfacial Stability of Suspension Polymerization," J. Korean Printing Society, 20, 65-77(2002).
  5. Iwata, N., Tani, K. and Watada, A., "Chemical Component Mapping of Pulverized Toner by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy," Micron: the International Research and Review Journal for Microscopy, 37(4), 290-295(2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2005.08.003
  6. Yang, J., Wang, T. J. and He, H., "Particle Size Distribution and Morphology of in Situ Suspension Polymerized Toner," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 5568-5575(2003). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0301029
  7. Sawatari, N., Fukuda, M., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M., "Composite Polymer Particles with a Gradated Resin Composition by Suspension Polymerization," J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 97(2), 682-690 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21823
  8. Stevens, M. P., "Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction," Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 204(1999).
  9. Takeuchi, M. and Oguchi, T., "Advanced Technology and Application of Toner," CMC Press, Tokyo, 158(2009).
  10. Pang, X., Cheng, G. and Lu, S., "Bi-seeded Emulsion Polymerization in the Presence of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polystyrene," React. Funct. Polym., 62(1), 69-75(2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2004.09.001
  11. Choi, D. and Park, M., "Preparation of Positively Charged Toner Particles by Suspension Polymerization Technique," J. Korea Soc. Imaging Science, 6(1), 61-68(2000).
  12. Lee, S. Y. and Park, L. S., "Effect of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly (vinyl alcohol) Mono Thiol on the Stability Properties of Poly (vinyl acetate) Latex," Polymer(Korea), 24(5), 579(2000).
  13. Roberto, O. and Ernesto, G., "Poly(vinyl alcohol) as a Stabilizer in the Suspension Polymerization of Styrene : The Effect of the Molecular Weight," J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 67, 71-77(1998). https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980103)67:1<71::AID-APP8>3.0.CO;2-L
  14. Dating, T., "Synthesis and Properties of Super Absorbents by Inverse Suspension Polymerization Using an Amphiphilic Copolymer as Steric Stabilizer," Chinese J. Synth. Chem., 11(1), 41-46(2003).
  15. Wang, P., Guo, Z. and Liu, Y., "Studies on the Suspension Polymerization of Poly-organic Silicone Resin Beads," Ion Exchange and Adsorption, 24(2), 131-138(2008).
  16. Chang, B. J., Oh, I. S. and Kim, J. I., "Size Control and Electrical Properties of Styrene-based Micro-particle Copolymer by Suspension Polymerization," Polymer(Korea), 23(2), 204-212(1999).
  17. Lee, S. J., Lee, H. N. and Hu, O. M., "The Reserch for Manufacturing about PVA/PVAc Fine Particles," Korea Soc. Dyers and Finishers, 18(1), 182-184(2006).
  18. Park, S., Kim, D. E., Byun, J., Yu, J. G. and Kim, D. S., "Styrene-Butylacrylate Based Suspension Polymerized Toner Prepared Using PVC as a Suspending Agent," Korean Chem. Eng. Res. (HWAHAK KONGHAK), 48, 212-217(2010).
  19. Liu, H., Wen, S., Wang, J. and Zhu, Y., "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Black-Polystyrene Composite Particles by High-Speed Homogenization Assisted Suspension Polymerization," J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 123, 3255-3260(2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.35006
  20. Jarcho, M., Bolen, C. H., Thomas, M. B., Bobick, J., Kay, J. F. and Doremus, R. H., "Hydroxylapatite Synthesis and Characterization in Dense Polycrystalline Form," J. Mater. Sci., 11(11), 2027-2035(1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02403350
  21. Futagami, T. and Okamoto, T., "Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Powder from Calcium Acetate," J. Ceram. Soc. Japan, 95, 775-780(1987). https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.95.1104_775
  22. Monma, H. and Kamiya, T., "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite by the Hydrolysis of Brushite," J. Mater. Sci., 22(12), 4247-4250 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01132015
  23. Mengeot, M., Harvill, M. L. and Gilliam, O. R., "Hydrothermal Growth of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals," J. Crystal Growth, 19(3), 199-203(1973). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(73)90110-3
  24. Arends, J., Schuthof, J., Van der Linden, W. H. and Bonnema, P., "Preparation of Pure Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals by Hydrothermal Recrystallization," J. Crystal Growth, 46(2), 213(1979). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(79)90060-5

Cited by

  1. 카본블랙의 표면개질이 중합토너의 특성에 미치는 영향 vol.51, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2013.51.5.628