Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2012.50.5.923

Effects of Calcium Hydroxide/Phosphoric Acid Suspending Agents on the Characteristics of Styrene-Based Suspension Polymerized Toners  

Yu, Jae-Goang (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
Kim, Dae-Su (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
Publication Information
Korean Chemical Engineering Research / v.50, no.5, 2012 , pp. 923-928 More about this Journal
Abstract
Optimizing a water-phase suspending system is very important to manufacture high-quality suspension polymerized toners. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the molar ratio of calcium hydroxide ($CaOH_2$)/phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$)(Ca/P), which were used as inorganic suspending agents, and pH of the water-phase on the characteristics of styrene-based suspension polymerized toners were mainly investigated. At first, the water-phase was fixed to neutral condition (pH=7.5) and Ca/P molar ratio was changed from 1.5:1 to 1.76:1. As a result, an ideal calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) was prepared at the Ca/P molar ratio of 1.73:1 and polymerized toners prepared at this condition showed good particle size distribution, circularity and charging characteristic. Based on this result, Ca/P molar ratio was fixed to 1.73:1 and pH of the water-phase was changed to weak acidic (pH=5.5) and weak basic (pH=9.5) conditions. As a result, polymerized toners prepared under the weak acidic condition showed very good particle size distribution, circularity and charging characteristic along with excellent printing quality. High-quality suspension polymerized toners could be prepared via optimizing Ca/P molar ratio and pH of the water-phase.
Keywords
Styrene-based Polymerized Toner; Suspension Polymerization; Calcium Phosphate Suspending Agent;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Choi, D. and Park, M., "Preparation of Positively Charged Toner Particles by Suspension Polymerization Technique," J. Korea Soc. Imaging Science, 6(1), 61-68(2000).
2 Lee, S. Y. and Park, L. S., "Effect of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly (vinyl alcohol) Mono Thiol on the Stability Properties of Poly (vinyl acetate) Latex," Polymer(Korea), 24(5), 579(2000).   과학기술학회마을
3 Roberto, O. and Ernesto, G., "Poly(vinyl alcohol) as a Stabilizer in the Suspension Polymerization of Styrene : The Effect of the Molecular Weight," J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 67, 71-77(1998).   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Dating, T., "Synthesis and Properties of Super Absorbents by Inverse Suspension Polymerization Using an Amphiphilic Copolymer as Steric Stabilizer," Chinese J. Synth. Chem., 11(1), 41-46(2003).
5 Wang, P., Guo, Z. and Liu, Y., "Studies on the Suspension Polymerization of Poly-organic Silicone Resin Beads," Ion Exchange and Adsorption, 24(2), 131-138(2008).
6 Chang, B. J., Oh, I. S. and Kim, J. I., "Size Control and Electrical Properties of Styrene-based Micro-particle Copolymer by Suspension Polymerization," Polymer(Korea), 23(2), 204-212(1999).
7 Lee, S. J., Lee, H. N. and Hu, O. M., "The Reserch for Manufacturing about PVA/PVAc Fine Particles," Korea Soc. Dyers and Finishers, 18(1), 182-184(2006).
8 Park, S., Kim, D. E., Byun, J., Yu, J. G. and Kim, D. S., "Styrene-Butylacrylate Based Suspension Polymerized Toner Prepared Using PVC as a Suspending Agent," Korean Chem. Eng. Res. (HWAHAK KONGHAK), 48, 212-217(2010).
9 Liu, H., Wen, S., Wang, J. and Zhu, Y., "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Black-Polystyrene Composite Particles by High-Speed Homogenization Assisted Suspension Polymerization," J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 123, 3255-3260(2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Jeon, J. W. and Kim, S. S., "A Study on the PVA Particle Manufacturing for Polymerization Type Fine Toner," J. Korea Soc. Dyers and Finishers, 15(6), 8-17(2003).   과학기술학회마을
11 Park, M. S., "Preparation of Polystyrene Beads by Suspension Polymerization with Hydrophobic Silica as a Stabilizer in Aqueous Solution," Polymer(Korea), 30(6), 498-504(2006).   과학기술학회마을
12 Lee, J. H., Lee, S. N. and Park, M. S., "Preparation of Polystyrene Particles Based on Interfacial Stability of Suspension Polymerization," J. Korean Printing Society, 20, 65-77(2002).   과학기술학회마을
13 Iwata, N., Tani, K. and Watada, A., "Chemical Component Mapping of Pulverized Toner by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy," Micron: the International Research and Review Journal for Microscopy, 37(4), 290-295(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Yang, J., Wang, T. J. and He, H., "Particle Size Distribution and Morphology of in Situ Suspension Polymerized Toner," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 5568-5575(2003).   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Sawatari, N., Fukuda, M., Taguchi, Y. and Tanaka, M., "Composite Polymer Particles with a Gradated Resin Composition by Suspension Polymerization," J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 97(2), 682-690 (2005).   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Stevens, M. P., "Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction," Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 204(1999).
17 Takeuchi, M. and Oguchi, T., "Advanced Technology and Application of Toner," CMC Press, Tokyo, 158(2009).
18 Pang, X., Cheng, G. and Lu, S., "Bi-seeded Emulsion Polymerization in the Presence of Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polystyrene," React. Funct. Polym., 62(1), 69-75(2005).   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Jarcho, M., Bolen, C. H., Thomas, M. B., Bobick, J., Kay, J. F. and Doremus, R. H., "Hydroxylapatite Synthesis and Characterization in Dense Polycrystalline Form," J. Mater. Sci., 11(11), 2027-2035(1976).   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Hong, J., Hong, C. K. and Shim, S. E., "Synthesis of Polystyrene Microspheres by Dispersion Polymerization Using Poly (vinyl alcohol) as a Steric Stabilizer in Aqueous Alcohol Media," Colloids and Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 302, 225-233 (2007).   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Futagami, T. and Okamoto, T., "Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Powder from Calcium Acetate," J. Ceram. Soc. Japan, 95, 775-780(1987).   DOI
22 Monma, H. and Kamiya, T., "Preparation of Hydroxyapatite by the Hydrolysis of Brushite," J. Mater. Sci., 22(12), 4247-4250 (1987).   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Mengeot, M., Harvill, M. L. and Gilliam, O. R., "Hydrothermal Growth of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals," J. Crystal Growth, 19(3), 199-203(1973).   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Arends, J., Schuthof, J., Van der Linden, W. H. and Bonnema, P., "Preparation of Pure Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals by Hydrothermal Recrystallization," J. Crystal Growth, 46(2), 213(1979).   DOI   ScienceOn