Evaluation of Cold Tolerance of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Diagnosis of Freezing Injury Using Timber Moisture Meter

블루베리의 내한성 평가 및 목재수분계측기를 이용한 동해피해 진단

  • 김기덕 (국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 이준구 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부) ;
  • 류명상 (국립원예특작과학원 원예작물부) ;
  • 유동림 (국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 권영석 (국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터) ;
  • 이종남 (국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터)
  • Received : 2012.09.19
  • Accepted : 2012.10.17
  • Published : 2012.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate on the freezing tolerance of introduced blueberry cultivars in Korea and to investigate availability of portable timber moisture meter for simple and rapid diagnosis of blueberry-shoot damage by freezing during wintering. Frost tolerance of blueberry cultivars showed big difference that rates of blueberry-shoot death were widely distributed from about 0% to 100% after wintering. Optical density in TTC reduction of blueberry twig treated low temperature was low in order of $-40^{\circ}C$ < $-21^{\circ}C$ < $4^{\circ}C$. Hardiness evaluation of visible injury in the cross-sectional surface color did not agree with that of rates of blueberry-shoot death during wintering. Lowest water content of blueberry stem measured by timber moisture tester during wintering was about 15%. During wintering, water contents of blueberry stems were higher at lower part of tree, but were low at end part of stems, and then when the blueberry grew again for spring, the water content gradually increased to 20~40%. Water content of blueberry stem with freezing injury during wintering decreased to under 5% by desiccation. Therefore it is assummed that the moisture content of blueberry stem injured by freezing during wintering was about under 14%, and it is expected that portable timber moisture meter could be available for rapid diagnosis of blueberry freezing injury in field.

외국에서 도입한 블루베리의 내한성을 평가하고, 목재수분계측기가 월동 중 블루베리 가지의 동해피해를 간편하고 신속하게 진단하는데 활용할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 월동 중 블루베리의 가지의 고사율은 0~100%로 다양하게 나타나 품종별 내한성의 차이가 컸다. 블루베리 가지의 저온처리에 따른 TTC 검정에서 품종별 OD값은 $-40^{\circ}C$ < $-21^{\circ}C$ < $4^{\circ}C$ 순으로 처리온도가 낮을수록 낮게 나타났다. 블루베리 가지의 저온처리에 따른 가지절단면의 색의 검정은 가지고 사율에 의한 내한성과 다른 결과와 차이가 있었다. 목재수분계측기에 의해 측정된 살아있는 블루베리 가지의 월동 중 최저 수분함량은 약 15%였으며, 월동 중 블루베리 가지의 위치별 수분함량은 나무 아랫부분일수록 높고 가지 끝으로 갈수록 낮았으나, 봄으로 접어들면서 가지 끝의 수분함량이 점점 높아져 20~40% 범위로 측정되었다. 월동 중 동해피해를 받은 가지는 점점 건조되어 수분함량이 5% 이하로 낮아졌다. 동해를 받은 블루베리 가지의 수분함량은 14% 수준 이하일 것으로 추정되며, 목재수분계측기가 블루베리 가지의 동해피해를 현장에서 신속하게 진단하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Basil, G.S. and G.S. Howell. Jr. 1973. Evaluation of viability tests for cold stressed plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 98:325-330.
  2. Brown, M.S., E.S.B. Pereira, and B.J. Finkle. 1974. Freezing of non-woody plant tissues. II. Cell damage and the fine structure of freezing curves. Plant Physiol. 53:709-711. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.53.5.709
  3. Burke, M.J., L.V. Gusta, C.J. Weiser, and P.H. Li. 1976. Freezing and injury in plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27:507-528.
  4. Capiello, P.E. and W.W. Dunham. 1994. Seasonal variation in low-temperature tolerance of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. HortScience 29:302-304.
  5. Choi, J.K. and J.S. Lee. 1988. Studies on some principal factors involved in cold hardiness of Hibiscus syriacus L. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 29(2):114-125 (in Korean).
  6. Coners, H. and C. Leuschner. 2005, In situ measurement of fine root water absorption in three temperature tree species -Temporal variability and control by soil and atmospheric factors. Basic and Applied Ecol- ogy. 6:395-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2004.12.003
  7. Dexter, S.T., W.E. Tottingham, and L.F. Graber. 1930. Preliminary results in measuring the hardiness of plants. Plant Physiol. 5:215-223. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.5.2.215
  8. Eaton, J.L., K.R. Sanderson, and J. Hoyle. 2004. Effects of salt deposition from salt water spray on lowbush blueberry shoots. Proceedings of the Ninth North American Blueberry Research. p. 95-103.
  9. GE. 2006. Timbermaster instruction manual.
  10. Guy, C.L. 1990. Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: Role of protein metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 41:187-223. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.41.060190.001155
  11. Lee, H.S., J.S. Lee, and B.H. Kwack. 1997. Cold hardiness of Hibiscus syriacus cultivars and evaluation of assay methods in determination of cold hardiness. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38(5):541-545 (in Korean).
  12. Lee, J.G., J.N. Lee, E.H. Lee, and H.Y. Zoo. 2008. Development of highbush blueberry cultivation technology in highland. NICS Annual Report. p. 582-599 (in Korean).
  13. Lee, J.G., H.Y. Zoo, K.D. Kim, and S.J. Hong. 2009. Handbook of well defined highbush blueberry cultivation technology (in Korean).
  14. McLeester, R.Co., C.J. Weister, and T.C. Hall. 1968. Multiple freexing points ans a test for viability of plant stems in the determination of frost hardiness. Plant Physiol. 44:37-44.
  15. Moon, J.Y. and J.M. Lee. 1986. Studies on the occurrence of cold injury in several friut trees and factors affecting cold hardiness. II. Analysis of some factors related to cold hardiness in apple trees. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 27(2):157-166 (in Korean).
  16. Park, J.M., J.G. Park, and I.B. Lee. 2007. Seasonal diagnosis of nitrogen status of 'Fuji'/M.26 apple leaves using chlorophyll meter.Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 25(3):59-62.
  17. Sakai. A. 1982. Freezing resistance of ornamental trees and shrubs. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 107:572-581.
  18. Song, I.G., D.H. Cho, and M.S. Huh. 2002. Evaluation of cold tolerance by persimon varieties. Annual Research Report of Gyeongbuk-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services. pp.487-493.
  19. Steponkus, P.L. and G.D. Lanphear 1967. Refinement of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method of determining cold injury. Plant Physiol. 42:1423-1426. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.42.10.1423
  20. Strang, J., K. Bale, J. Snyder, C. Smigell, and D. Slone. 2007. Evaluation of blueberry freeze injury. 2007 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report. p.40-41.