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제주도 난대림에서 노루 뿔의 성장과정에 의한 어린나무 박피에 관한 연구

Peeling Damage of Sapling caused by the Developing Process of Roe Deer Antlers in Warm-temperate Forests of Jeju Island

  • 김은미 (국립산림과학원 난대.아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 박영규 (국립산림과학원 난대.아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 권진오 (국립산림과학원 난대.아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 김지은 (국립산림과학원 난대.아열대산림연구소) ;
  • 강창완 ((사)한국조류보호협회 제주지회) ;
  • 이치봉 (국립산림과학원 난대.아열대산림연구소)
  • Kim, Eun Mi (Warm-Temperate & Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea forest Research Institute) ;
  • Park, Youngkyu (Warm-Temperate & Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kwon, Jino (Warm-Temperate & Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Ji Eun (Warm-Temperate & Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kang, Chang Wan (The Korea Association For Bird Protection Jeju Branch) ;
  • Lee, Chi Bong (Warm-Temperate & Subtropical Forest Research Center, Korea forest Research Institute)
  • 투고 : 2012.11.30
  • 심사 : 2012.12.30
  • 발행 : 2012.12.30

초록

산림에서 나무껍질이 벗겨지는 피해는 노루를 비롯한 사슴과에 속하는 포유류에 의해 발생하며 먹이 부족이 주요 원인이다. 그러나 제주도에서는 뿔이 녹각으로 되는 과정에서 벨벳을 벗겨내는 행동에 의해 나무껍질이 벗겨지는 피해가 발생하여 이들을 살펴보았다. 국립산림과학원 한남시험림내의 해발 400m에서 500m 사이에 위치한 6km구간의 임도 주변 5m지역을 대상으로 2011년 9월 9일부터 10월 4일까지 맑은날을 택하여 본조사를 실시하였다. 노루가 뿔로 긁은 피해목은 총 25종, 267본이었으며 낙엽활엽수가 18종 134본, 상록활엽수가 5종 71본, 나머지 2종 62본은 침엽수였다. 뿔 긁기로 가장 선호하는 수종은 굴거리나무(Daphniphyllum macropodum), 삼나무(Cryptomeria japonica), 비목(Lindera erythrocarpa), 누리장나무(Clerodendrum trichotomum), 산초나무(Zanthoxylum schinifolium) 순이었다. 피해목은 주로 3~4년생의 어린나무이며 평균 수고는 $120.7{\pm}42.4cm$이었고, 지상 5cm 높이에서의 직경은 $1.5{\pm}0.5cm$, 피해 시작점(최저점)은 지상에서부터 평균 $22.1{\pm}10.1cm$ 지점이었고, 피해길이는 평균 $27.5{\pm}10.6cm$이었다. 나무껍질이 벗겨지면 이차적으로 균류의 침입을 받게 되며 이로 인해 어린나무의 외형이 변하거나 죽게 되어 난대림의 향후 종 구성에 영향을 야기할 수 있다. 기후변화에 따른 제주도 산림의 식생변화가 예견되는 시점에서 노루의 뿔에 의한 피해는 난대림의 자연 갱신은 물론 조림과 묘목생산 그리고 지속적인 산림경영에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

Peeling damage of trees is usually caused by Cervidae such as deer, roe deer because of the lack of food in forests. However, it happens as part of the developing of antlers in Jeju Island when the roe deer try to remove the Velvet-the skin of the antlers. The research area is the Hannam experimental forest (400 m up to 500 m above sea level) of Korea Forest Research Institute in Jeju Island, and the survey was carried out along the 6 km long of forest road with 5 m width on both sides. Twenty five tree species (total 267 stands) are damaged by peeling; 18 (134 stands) deciduous broad-leaved species, 5 (71 stands) in evergreen broad-leaved species, 2 (62 stands) coniferous species. The most common damaged species are in order of Daphniphyllum macropodum, Cryptomeria japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, Clerodendrum trichotomum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Mainly damaged trees are approximately 3~4 years old saplings, and they show the mean height $120.7{\pm}42.4cm$, diameter measured at 5 cm height $1.5{\pm}0.5cm$. The Lowest peeling beginning height is $22.1{\pm}10.1cm$, and the mean length of peeling is $27.5{\pm}10.6cm$. Once the peeling damage happens, the saplings are infected by fungi secondly, and are distorted or dead, therefore the future structure of warm-temperate forests could be in influenced in species. Warm-temperate forest landscape and species change related to the climate change is a rising issue in Jeju Island. However the changes caused by peeling damage also could be an important issue in the natural process of forest environment, afforestation, local nursery and sustainable forest management of Jeju Island.

키워드

참고문헌

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피인용 문헌

  1. Seasonal and altitudinal variation in roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus) diet on Jeju Island, South Korea vol.9, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.09.001
  2. Disturbance in seedling development of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) tree species on higher altitude forests of Mt. Hallasan National Park, the central part of Jeju Island, Korea vol.41, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41610-017-0037-0
  3. Disturbed regeneration of saplings of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson), an endemic tree species, in Hallasan National Park, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Jeju Island, Korea vol.5, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2016.02.001