과학기술 국제협력의 제도적 진화: 역사적 제도주의의 관점

Institutional Evolution of Korea's International Cooperation of Science and Technology from the Viewpoint of the Historical Institutionalism

우리나라가 이룩한 경제, 과학기술발전에 과학기술 국제협력은 기술확보를 위한 중요한 수단으로서 활용되어 왔으며 향후에도 국가과학기술력 확보에 있어서 중요한 요소로서 영향을 미치게 될 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 우리나라의 과학기술 국제협력 정책이 형성된 배경, 변화양상, 변화요인 등에 대해서 역사적으로 검토한 연구결과는 찾아보기 어렵다. 이러한 배정 하에 본 연구는 우리나라의 과학기술 국제협력 정책이 어떠한 과정을 거쳐 제도화되었고, 전화되어 왔는지를 기술수원기, 기술도입기, 호혜협력기, 외연확정기, 협력고도화기로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과, 과학기술 국제협력의 제도적 진화는 구조에 의해 발생한 계기에 의해서 시작되고, 점차 다른 제도와의 연계, 행위자인 정부의 전략적 선택 행위로 이어져 발생하게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이처럼 과학기술 국제협력의 제도적 전화는 단절적으로 발생하는 것이 아니라 제도적 중층성에 의하여 점진적으로 진행되고 있다.

This study analysed the institutional evolution of Korea's international cooperation of science and technology (S&T) from the viewpoint of the historical institutionalism. For this, it examined Korea's institutions for international S&T cooperation by dividing the whole period from the Korean war to the present into five sub-periods; period of technology aids, technology transfer, mutual cooperation, expanded cooperation, and highly sophisticated cooperation, respectively. It, then, reviewed the evolving process and characteristics of each period. In this study, the structure (environment), the actor (government), the institution of higher rank (science & technology policy) were considered as variables influencing upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation. Upon this assumption, this study analysed how and through what evolutionary process the international S&T cooperation institutions have evolved so far. This study obtained the following conclusions; First, the study confirmed the existence of the "institutional layering" in the institutions of the international S&T cooperation in Korea. The momentums for the change of the institutions of the international S&T cooperation stem from international environment and domestic economic environment. They influence upon economic policy, industrial policy, and S&T policy, which, together with the actor (the government), again brings about the institutional evolution of the international S&T cooperation. Second, the institutional evolution of the international S&T cooperation is taking place gradually. As mentioned above, the momentums for the change of the institutions of the international S&T cooperation originate from international and domestic macro environment. These momentums do not directly influence upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation, rather they give indirect influence, through other related institutions, upon the institutions of the international S&T cooperation and make its gradual change or evolution. This is because the institutions of the international S&T cooperation have the "institutional layering".